CHAPTER 13 Light and Weather Conditions STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 13 LESSON 1

2. CHAPTER 13 Light and Weather Conditions STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 13 LESSON 1 Driving Safely in Low Light and at Night A. For each sentence below, circle T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Correct each false statement in the space below. As visibility decreases, your risk of being in an accident decreases. False - As visibility decreases, your risk of being in an accident increases. Headlights from an oncoming vehicle can have a blinding effect. True When driving during dusk and dawn hours, you should use your parking lights. False – You should use your parking lights only for parking. At night, you should decrease the distance between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead. False - At night you should increase the distance between your vehicle and the one ahead of you.

3. You can use your high beams on dark roads when there are no other vehicles around. True • When an oncoming vehicle’s headlights are bright, you should look directly at the headlights. False - Glance down at the right edge of your lane beyond the vehicle to avoid the glare. • At night, you should not overdrive your headlights. True • At dusk, you should keep your low-beam headlights on. True • Overdriving your headlights means driving at a speed that will not allow you to stop within their range. True

4. At night, you should get in the habit of looking for objects beyond your headlight beams. True • FIND OUT MORE. Look in your NJ Manual or online to find the answer. • NJ law requires headlights must be used at certain times of the day. What are they? • When is the best time to use bright beam or high beam headlights? Open country driving, when there is no oncoming traffic

5. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 13 LESSON 2 Visibility, Bright Light and Glare A. For each sentence below, circle T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Correct each false statement in the space below. 1. The sun’s glare is most dangerous to drivers at noon. False - The sun’s glare is most dangerous in the morning or late afternoon. 2. A badly scratched windshield should be replaced. True 3. Sunglasses are not effective against the glare of late afternoon sun. False - Sunglasses are effective against the sun’s glare. 4. During periods of extreme glare, you should decrease your following distance. False - During periods of extreme glare, you should increase your following distance. 5. Driving with your low-beam headlights on does not help when the glare is strong. False - Low-beam headlights on helps others to see you when glare is strong.

6. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 13 LESSON 2 (Continued) Visibility, Bright Light and Glare • What advance preparation can you make before driving when you know that you may be driving in glaring sun? Make sure windshield is clean, replace windshield if it is badly scratched, keep sunglasses handy. • FIND OUT MORE. Look online to find out what are some of the best kinds of sunglasses made to combat the effects of the sun’s glare. How much do they cost? Polarized or Extreme Glare Sunglasses http://extremeglaresunglasses.com/ $10 - $300

9. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 13 LESSON 3 Minimizing Risk in Rain and Snow A. For each sentence below, circle T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Correct each false statement in the space below. 1. When driving in snow, you should follow the tire tracks of the vehicle ahead of you because the tracks are drier and give better traction. True 2. Driving with snow tires increases fuel economy. False - Driving with snow tires reduces fuel economy. 3. To prevent skids, you should change speeds as rapidly as possible. False - To prevent skids, you should change speeds gradually. 4. Roads are not very slick during the first 15 minutes of a rainfall. False - Roads are at their slickest during the first 15 minutes of rainfall. 5. Hydroplaning happens when your vehicle rides on a thin film of water. True • Basic Speed Law • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5ffUj4pZI8

10. Think about topics we have discussed in class and look in your NJ Manual or online to answer the following questions. • 1. At ____ mph it is possible to hydroplane if you are driving on wet roads. • 30-35 mph • 2. During rainfall, when are road surfaces most slick or slippery? • The first few minutes (10-15). • 3. What can be done to prevent hydroplaning? • Reduce your speed • Check your tire treads • Be aware of the highest point on the road • Don’t drive in the rain • 4. In adverse weather conditions, how much longer does it take for a truck to stop? • 25 % longer • 5. On snow covered roads, how much following distance (in seconds) do you need? • 5-6 seconds or more

11. If you fail to remove snow or ice from your vehicle before driving, can you be fined? If yes, how much? Yes, between $25 and $1500

12. FIND OUT MORE. Most states that allow the use of studded snow tires have restrictions on when they can be used. What does the NJ state’s driver’s manual say about this? Are there specific dates that studded snow tires are allowed? If so, what are they? • November 15 to April 1

13. Snow Trivia • If your vehicle became stuck in the snow, what would you do to set it free? • Keep front wheels as straight as possible, shift back and forth between Drive (or First or Second gear with a manual transmission) and Reverse gear, release the brake and accelerate with gentle pressure, and repeat as necessary or call a tow truck! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Vb0k1ffUoQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUY8SH_iFpU

14. STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 13 LESSON 4 • Other Hazardous Weather Conditions • A. What precautions should you take when driving in fog? What should you do when fog becomes very dense? • When driving in fog, keep low beam headlights on, and if the fog is especially thick, turn on your emergency flashers. Never turn on high beams. Reduce speed, increase following distance, and remain alert for sudden movements. If fog is very dense, signal and pull off the road to a safe area, and wait for the conditions to change. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1SMfmlY5ng • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFpgczwlZgY • B. What are the dangers of driving in high wind? What can you do to drive more safely in very windy situations? • The danger of driving in high wind is that the wind can blow your vehicle around. Your vehicle may move into another car. You can be safer in these situations by reducing your speed gripping the steering wheel firmly and leaving extra space between your vehicle and any nearby vehicles especially recreational vehicles, vans, and cars pulling trailers. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZh1QJPJMAw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOTJLs0kCUI

15. C. FIND OUT MORE The chapter says that in fog, your vehicle can collect moisture on the inside as well as on the outside of its windows What can you do to prevent this? Visit, call or look online for a local auto parts store and ask if there are any products on the market that reduce moisture on the inside of your vehicles windows. • The defroster should be on and the fans set to high speed. There are some products that will help to minimize moisture on the inside of the window. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVMWW95E7qk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5B8fnnykhos