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Social Studies 9 –Unit 2 CHANGE – The Middle Ages circa 400 BCE to circa 1400 BCE

Social Studies 9 –Unit 2 CHANGE – The Middle Ages circa 400 BCE to circa 1400 BCE. TEXT Chapters 5, 6, 7 & 8 + Activities *Chapter Quiz for 6, 7, 8* + UNIT PROJECT. MEDIEVAL History & The Middle Ages.

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Social Studies 9 –Unit 2 CHANGE – The Middle Ages circa 400 BCE to circa 1400 BCE

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  1. Social Studies 9 –Unit 2 CHANGE – The Middle Agescirca 400 BCE to circa 1400 BCE TEXT Chapters 5, 6, 7 & 8 + Activities *Chapter Quiz for 6, 7, 8* + UNIT PROJECT

  2. MEDIEVAL History & The Middle Ages • Period of time in Western history between the end of the Roman Empire & The Renaissance (1500’s) approx. 1000 years • Period of barbarism & intellectual darkness • The Dark Ages • New religion, away from ‘natural’ to spiritual world (role of church) • Rise of Monasticism, feudalism, nationalism (monarchies/nations)

  3. The Early Middle Ages > 550 to 1000 BCE • Collapse of the Roman Empire • Barbarian invasions & kingdoms • Charlemagne, emperor of the West, crowned by Pope • Vikings around 900AD in the West • Muslims in the South • Magyars in the East • Carolingian & Ottoman Empires (bce 750-1000)

  4. The High Middle Ages > 1000 – 1300 • Circa 10th. C. Western societies organized around Feudalism drive out invaders • Economy & Society rebuilds • Church reformed & revitalized • Romanesque art became Gothic art • Rise of great works of literature • Rediscovery of Greek scholars led rise of education

  5. The Late Middle Ages > 14th & 15th Centuries • Europe suffers great famines • The Black Death (plague) • Hundred Year’s War • Rise in standard of living (sanitation & freedoms etc.) • Palaces replaced castles, villages grew, middle class grew • Flamboyant Gothic style in art & architecture • Dante, Chaucer & rise of literature (education)

  6. INTRO TO CHAPTER 5 - CHANGE Ch 5 - Exploring Change – pg76 READING - #1pg77 • Change & Time • Activity#2 – pg78 CHART • READING - #2pg77 • – Forces of Change • Activity #7&8 with a partner • ** Project – H’s demo & online resources**

  7. Ch 5 - Exploring Change – pg76 READING - #1pg77 - Change & Time • Vocab: Linear or Cyclical Revolutionary or Evolutionary • Change happens over time • Eg. Kindergarten to elementary to middle years to high school to??? = Linearchange • Change starts at one point and progresses to another • Does not return to its initial state • Historical changes are usually linear, cannot predict the future • Eg. Winter comes every year, Easter etc. = Cyclicalchange • Change repeats itself & can be predicted

  8. Change happens at different speeds • Gradual change is called evolutionary change • Eg. Man went from hunter gatherer to sedentary farmer • Rapid change is called revolutionary, often radical • Eg. Rebel & overthrow the govt. • The Scientific Revolution (new discoveries)

  9. Act:pg78 #2 provide 2 - 3 egs. Examples of linear, cyclical change and Identify whether evolutionary or revolutionary • During the Middle Ages the shift from one kind of society to another gradually changed the people and structure (organization) of society, people had to adapt. • New social, political and economic structures changed with the culture and behavior of the people.

  10. Roots: Ch 5 - Exploring Change – pg76 READING - #2pg77 – Forces of Change • Vocab:Religion, economics, politics, social factors, technology • Cannot predict future change, so we use some of the ‘forces of change’ that affected us in the past to guide our present & future decisions • Religious Change – in the middle ages, Christianity came to dominate Europe and later, Protestantism • Economic Change – how we make our living changed – in the MA, more people were farmers to produce more food for a growing population, eventually moving back to the cities as the new ‘middle class’

  11. Roots: Ch 5 - Exploring Change – pg76 READING - #2pg77 – Forces of Change • Political Change – organization of society changes and government develops • Social Change – families, roles changed as villages, towns, cities develop, in the MA, we will explore FEUDALISM in society • Technological Changes – we look at new ‘tools’ & agriculture, and weapons of war

  12. Chapter 6 – The Dark Ages, p85 • FQ p85 • How did the Roman Empire break into separate countries? • How did the Europeans unite in the Christian Church? • How did the Europeans defend themselves against invaders? • What was life like in the Dark Ages?

  13. R#1 – p86, The Age of Migrations • Change in the West –p86 • Map 6-1, p87 – Changing Empires (768 – ~1000) • Feature – Vikings, p88 • Change in the East –p88 • Activities, p90 • #1 – Types of changes, CLASS DISCUSSION AND #3 – Compare map 6-1 to modern day Europe **We will be doing some mapping work, in-class with historical atlas, then in lab with internet resources

  14. R#2 – p90, The Age of Conversions Growth of Christianity –p90 + CONCEPT MAP EXERCISE • 300bce, Christianity allowed in the Roman Empire, then became THE ONLY • 600bce, most of the Empire were Christians • 1000bce, most of Europe is (RC) Christian, church structure in place

  15. R#2 – p90, The Age of Conversions Church Organization –p91 • POPE – leader of Church • BISHOP – teach city’s Christians • PRIEST – helped with services • DEACONS – collect $ for poor • 11th C – Archbishop, Patriarchs & Cardinals (Pope’s special helpers) • ** NO WOMEN ALLOWED** • **Christianity taught that faith /living a good life now was to prepare for ‘heaven after death** • Figure 6-3, Church architecture

  16. R#3 – p95, The Dark Ages Life in the Dark Ages –p95 Feudalism– system to organize politics, economics, social life - response to invasions & chaos • Figure 6-6, Feudal Pyramid - visual • (rights & obligations of lords & vassals) Life in the Middle Ages ** see video • Few towns • Poor standard of living, hard life, few luxuries • Low literacy (usually only monks could read/write) • Decrease in trade and poor crops too • By 1000bce, less invasions, more had homes, farming increased (St of L)

  17. The Beginning or Europe, Nations • Charlemagne – Charles the Great • divided his kingdom between nobles & knights – began to form present-day nations • Built castles for protection • Raised armies & $ for war and ‘projects’ • Governed and administered justice

  18. Charlemagne and the Franks identify effects of the fall of Rome as well as the rise of Charlemagne and the Franks. identify and/or define the following terms: Effects of the Fall of Rome Franks Charlemagne Vikings Feudalism & the Medieval

  19. The fall of Rome brought many important changes to Western Europe.

  20. Effects of the Fall of Rome • Germanic tribes took over Roman lands. • Hundreds of little kingdoms took the place of the Western Roman Empire in Europe. • Initially, there was no system for collecting taxes. • Kingdoms were always at war with one another. • People lost interest in learning.

  21. Warfare increased. Trade decreased. The “Dark Ages” began.

  22. The “Dark Ages” • Historians call the period following the fall of Rome the “Dark Ages.” • Formerly, this period is known as the beginning of the Middle Ages. • It was a time of increased warfare, decreased trade, and a decline in learning.

  23. Clovis was an important king of the Franks. The Franks were one of the largest Germanic tribes.

  24. Clovis and the Franks • In A.D. 481, Clovis united the Franks and became their king. • Clovis converted to the Roman Catholic faith. • Essentially, the Franks blended Germanic and Roman cultural practices.

  25. Charlemagne became king of the Franks in 768 A.D. He conquered a vast empire and tried to recreate the glory of the Roman Empire.

  26. Charlemagne • Charlemagne became king of the Franks in 768 A.D. He tried to recreate the glory of the Roman Empire. • He conquered a vast empire and was proclaimed Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III. • He gave land to his nobles in exchange for their loyalty and military service.

  27. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor”.

  28. During his reign, Charlemagne tried to recreate the Roman Empire. However, after his death, the empire declined.

  29. The Rise of Feudalism • Charlemagne’s descendants were not able to recreate the glory of the Roman Empire, • The Franks did greatly affect life in the Middle Ages. • Indeed, the Frankish practice of giving land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service spread throughout Western Europe.

  30. Life during the Middle Ages was based on a series of exchanges. Lesser Lords obeyed more powerful Lords in exchange for land. **see feudal pyramid**

  31. Questions for Reflection: • Why did historians call the early Middle Ages the “Dark Ages”? • Who was Clovis and how did his conversion affect the Franks? • Why did Pope Leo III crown Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor”? • Define feudalism. • How is feudalism different from other political systems?

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