CHAPTER 40 AN INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

1. CHAPTER 40 AN INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

2. Epithelial Tissue Simple-one cell thick Stratified-two or more cells thick cells may look different from one level to next

3. Slide 1 Simple Squamous Epithelium Fig.1&2 Endothelium lining of blood vessel and heart ventricle Fig. 3&4 Mesotheliumvisceral peritoneumMicrovilli on 4 hold mucus to produce a slick frictionless surface Fig. 5&6 Loops of Henle

4. Simple Squamous Epithelium

5. Slide 2 Stratified Squamous Epithelium Fig.1 & 2 Hard Palate Fig. 3 & 4 folded mucosa surface of vagina Fig. 5 epidermis of skin

6. Stratified Squamous Epithelium1=epidermis 2=dermis 1 2

7. Slide 3 Simple Cuboidal-lining of proximal tubule; collecting ductsStratified Cuboidal-lining of brain ventricle; cs. of a seminiferous tubuleTransitional Cuboidal-Urinary Bladder

8. Simple Cuboidal Transitional Cuboidal

9. Simple cuboidal

10. Slide 4 Simple Columnar Epithelium Fig 1&2 Oviduct w/ microvilli Fig 3&4 Lining of gallbladder Fig 5&6 Lining of intestine GC-goblet cell

11. Simple columnar

12. Pseudostratified columnar

13. Ciliated columnar

15. Slide 8 Loose Areolar Connective Tissue Fig 1 Adventitia of trachea Fig 2 Lamina propria Fig 3 Tubular intestinal gland Fig 4 Fibroblasts Fig 5&6 Lymph node with reticular fibers

16. Adipose Tissue

17. Adipose Tissue

18. Slide 11 Dense Connective Tissue Fig 1 Dense irregular dermis of skin Fig 2&3 Dense regular tendons and ligaments

19. Slide 33 TA-Elastic Fibers Blood Vessel Lu-lumen or interior of any tube EC-endothelium cells

20. Loose connective tissue

21. Fibrous Connective Tissue

22. Cartilage

23. Cartilage Mitosis

24. Bone formation from cartilage Growth plate

25. Compact Bone osteons

26. Three kinds of muscle

27. Skeletal (striated) muscle-voluntary multinucleated formed by fusion of several cells during embryonic development Single muscle fiber or cell

28. Muscle fiber is a cell with many nuclei and several myofibrils

29. Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle-spindle-shaped multinucleated formed by mononucleate involuntary fusion of several cells during embryonic development

30. Smooth muscle

31. Cardiac Muscle -cells are striated and branched with intercalated disks(desmosomes) tying the cells together

32. Cardiac Muscle -cells are striated and branched with intercalated disks tying the cells together

34. Slide 67 Nerve Fibers Myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells

35. Processes Cell body Nucleus

36. Stomach Low power

37. Stomach High power

38. Evolutionary convergence of fusiform shapes

39. Contact with environment

40. Internal exchanges surfaces Interstitial fluid-the liquid between the cells; exchanges nutrients and wastes with the blood in the capillaries and the cytoplasm in the cells

41. Small intestine- maximized surface area

42. Minimum distance from air to blood

43. Negative FeedbackControl of room temperature

44. Negative FeedbackControl of body temperature

45. Ingestion  Digestion (mechanical and chemical) Absorption Elimination Basal Metabolic Rate-an endothermic animal’s Calorie need under complete rest Men= body wt. X 11 Women= body wt. X 10 Daily Calorie need For a sessile student= BMR X 1.6 30 min. exercise /day=BMR X 1.7 60 min. exercise /day=BMR X 1.8 90 min. exercise /day=BMR X 1.9 120 min. exercise /day=BMR X 2.0

46. Crab lab-calorimeter

47. Maximum metabolic rates over different time spans

48. Total annual energy expenditures

49. Endotherms-surface to volume ratio Ectotherms have a major advantage on energy usage but cannot always be active in temperate regions