Andy Mulholland CTO, Capgemini

1. Introducing the ‘Semantic Wave’The making use of the Internet, the Web, and Service Orientated Architectureto define and query data in a new way Andy Mulholland CTO, Capgemini

2. The Premise behind this presentation Its not about application’s recording transactions for historic reference purposes as in the past “I wish to avail myself to all that is already known . . .“ Wilbur Wrightin a letter to the Smithsonian about flight (100 years ago) ". . .unfortunately, we suffered from a persistent problem of not communicating the intelligence we had or being able to analyze the intelligence based on conventional models . . ." 9/11 Commission Report (July 2004) Too much data to comprehend Too little information to act upon The need is for disparate facts to become associated as and when events trigger known or unknown needs The Internet and the Web has triggered changes, but what are they?

3. Some scene setting on Business and Technology The drivers and background

4. The Business Headlines; its on line and its now! • ‘e’ has had it’s day • Electronic interaction internally or externally is the norm • Everyone, every system, every device is connected at no cost • Redefines business communication • Redesign of Process • Industry sectors and Enterprises can be dramatically more efficient • Standards suddenly become the most important aspect of IT • Redefines interaction & collaboration • New Technology Emerges • The ‘Internet / Web’ model is leading to a new wave of technology & products • ‘Client – Services’ bring competitive edge to business solutions • Service Orientated Architecture lowers IT costs and integrates the new with old • Converged communications is occurring • Genuine Innovation has become possible

5. Compliance means trading information threads Increasing legislation is driving technology spending in some areas Areas such as ‘SOX’ are being seen as ‘good practice by auditors everywhere Title Origin Effective Comment Electronic Communications Act EU 2002 Internet Adverts and sales control Reg. Investigatory Powers UK 2000 Disclosure by e mail carriers Data Protection Act UK 1998 Privacy & integrity of records Waste Electric/Electronic eqpt EU Aug 2004 Management of disposal of equipt. Freedom of Information act UK Jan 2005 Disclosure of info by public bodies Basel II Global Jan 2006 FSI industry risk management T+1 US June 2005 FSI Settlement on day after trade Sarbanes-Oxley act US June 2004 Integrity of financial report <$75m Sarbanes-Oxley act US April 2005 Integrity of financial report >$75m Companies Bill UK Prop. 2004 Review of corporate governance HIPPA US In effect US health insurance portability Know your customer UK Proposed? Anti laundering of money FSI Intellect Property rights enforce EU Proposed? Anti Software Piracy

6. Changing behaviour; requires decision support The new jargon; Adaptive & Agile The ‘adaptive’ enterprise has the capability to organise its responses to market shifts having the ‘agility’ within its culture, processes and IT systems to readily change Customer - Response Industry - Reaction Pressures to conform to reduce time to react in order to increase agility through collaboration Expectations are changing in response to technology use; Letter, fax, phone, e mail 10 days to 10 minutes The new jargon; Collaborative Building on its adaptive and agile investments internally to take advantage of increasing external capabilities for interactive communication allows ‘collaboration’ with partners to find the optimum decision in response to events Technology World - Read Increasing role as an the externalisation medium creates new needs and places pressures on existing structure Speed with which world events are impacting trading and market conditions

7. A Technology Shift to ‘Client, or Web Services’ Services Applications Back Office Front Office Market Ecosystem Applications, ERP & EAI Processes, Services & EAI Events, Service Architect. Internal Use & Managmt. Shared Use with Control Free Access & No Control Cost & Stability Optimised Value & Agility Investment Effectiveness by Adapting Captured Historical Data Predictive Knowledge Info. Real Business Intelligence System Integration. Process Definition Event Context

8. Standards Framework Semantic Stds OWL 1.0 WS-Eventing MOBILITY – promiscuous clients Service Orientated Architecture Networking Services Agent Optimisation Web Services or processes Web or content URI WS-RF GRID – the availability of Resources The Goal of the new Tech. Wave

9. Service Orchestration needs Data Orchestration Book to Bill Orchestration of Order through to Invoice A shared set of processes between buyer, supplier and carrier Using externally standardised process and data is required for interchange Goods Inwards Internal Integration to existing functional applications An internally specified EAI style integration framework with data marts or similar supporting shared data

10. Challenge; process and information together Developing consistent approaches for data and processes External market standards are as important as internally developed choices Information Flexibility Data UDDI Universal Description Discovery & Integration DAM Digital Asset Management BPEL Business Process Execution Language Globally Integrated Locally Co-ordinated WSDL Web Services Description Language XML eXtensible Mark-up language Locally Unique Globally Standardised UBL Universal Business Language XML Bus Doc ebXML Electronic Business XML Application Proprietary data Transaction Process

11. Moving from Proprietary Data to Standardised Data What XML does and does not do

12. XML is a starting point by providing a Format eXtensible Markup Language is designed to provide a Syntax for computers to exchange and read data • XML itself conveys only contentand structure, not presentation, behaviour, or meaning, and it’s Tags have no predefined meaning • The meaning or language must be specifiedoutside of XML • prose, namespace,ontology, UML diagram.. ….’Semantic’ • XML provides a standard framework for makingagreements about communication, but XML does not make those agreements. • It’s flexibility, and widespread adoption can also be seen as its problem; List a number of versions

13. UBL adds a Language for common processes Universal Business Language defines standard Book to Bill sequences to use XML data interchange • OASIS has now worked for 2 years to try and unify the chaotic world of XML formats with the UBL effort (Universal Business Language). • UBL now includes specifications (XML schemas) for the following transactions: • Order and responses (simple and complex) • Order cancellation • Shipping notice (Dispatch advice) • Receipt advice • Invoice

14. The technology integration requirement • Access • Web services (SOAP, WSDL) • COM (ASP, VB, etc.) • JavaBean • Java APIs • JSP tag library • XSLT Descriptors • Query language • Command line • Web UI • HP Jena API • RDF/OWL editors/viewers via evolving industry APIs • Data Sources • RDF native • Structured data sources (e.g. RDBMS) via importation • Metadata from unstructured data sources via entity extractors • XML or other tagged formats via XSLT • Rich Site Summary (RSS) feeds

15. Creating complex descriptions that can be understood Introducing the Semantic Wave

16. Defining ‘Semantic’ and ‘Ontology’ Technologies that allow the meaning and associations to be known and processed at the time of execution Some other ways to define; • What the Web did for Humans and Content for Machines • The ability to understand complex nuances & multiple values • ‘I want to buy a cheap car radio for a Mercedes’ definition Buy Cheap Car Radio Cheap Car Radio Cheap Car Radio Cheap Car Radio Car Radio Mercedes

17. Resource Description Framework, RDF • RDF is a collaboration from multiple W3c streams • PICSSPEC, PICSNG, XMLData, MCFXXML, WF, URI, URI2 etc • Therefore it emerged to handle the ‘new’ requirements • Its use is embedded in Web Services, WS, standards • Major vendors support it; Microsoft, IBM, etc Abstract; Resource Description Framework, RDF, is a mechanism for the encoding, exchange and reuse of structural metadata built using XML, but imposing structural constraints to ensure that there is a full unambiguous method to express semantic meanings.

18. RDF; the structure explained • RDF provides a model for constant descriptions using; • Resources – any object uniquely identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier, URI • Properties – are associated with resources through ‘property types’ to link to; • Values – atomic expressions of details such as text strings or numbers • Descriptions – are the name given to a collection of properties and values associated to a resource Example; Description Resource 3 Resource 2 Resource 1 4 1 2 3 Property Types Value Value

19. Introducing Ontology Web Language, OWL • OWL emerged for use with the Web building on; • SHOE and DAML+OIL, but particularly Description Logic or DL • It is designed to be used with XML and RDF • OWL is specified in six major W3C documents • Overview, Semantics/Abstracts, Use Cases & Requirements, Test Cases, Reference, & Guide • A formal release OWL version 1.0 made in 2003 Abstract; OWL is designed to provide applications that need to interpret content in forms normally understood by humans with expressive details by using a formal language vocabulary with defined semantic meanings to the words and a grammatical structure.

20. OWL; the structure explained • OWL offers flexibility in use through three sub languages; • OWL Lite – a simple version providing classification hierarchy with simple constraints that provides a quick migration for existing Thesauri and Taxonomies • OWL DL – providing maximum expressiveness but with computational success guarantee produced by ensuring all classes are complete and closed therefore computationally complete with in a defined time • OWL Full – offering maximum expressiveness to provide a full ontology augmenting any RDF description but open to allowing computational extensions to run indefinitely and therefore currently only used for research purposes

21. Summary; XML, RDF and OWL relationships • XML –provides a surface syntax for structured documents, but imposes no semantic control on the meaning of those documents • XML Schema – is a language for restricting the structure of XML documents and allows XML to be extended with data types • RDF – is a data model for objects categorised as resources and the relationships between them providing simple semantics that can be represented using XML syntax • RDF Schema – is a vocabulary for describing properties and classes of RDF resources with a semantic structure for general hierarchies of properties and classes • OWL – adds extensive vocabulary for enriching the descriptions of properties and classes in a highly specific manner

22. Using the Semantic Wave Complex data and complex queries become possible

23. A new capability for data/queries Complexity Of Query Can discover new undocumented Relationships Query; all cars serviced by john last week for Account customers Directed Graph Relational Model Pre determined Relationships Query; all Mercedes C class serviced Hierarchal Model Object Model Complexity Of Data Determined by the Application Query; car service Records by customer

24. What is Relationship Discovery? • “Find all organizations that have a relationship with Acme Corp.” • How would you “google” this? • It can only be found by exploring relationships Example • XYZ Corp <is customer of> Acme Corp. • RPQ Corp <is vendor to> Acme Corp. • S.E.C. <is investigating> Acme Corp. • Berkshire Corp. <is shareholder of> Acme Corp. • Acme Corp. <is member of> US Manufacturers Association • This is achieved through using ‘Directed Graph’ tecniques

25. Introducing Directed Graphs • A series of RDF statements forms a data structure known as a directed graph • A directed graph is a collection of things and the relationships between them • A native directed graph data management model allows combine, analyze and query activities on RDF / OWL metadata • The data elements are constants but unlike a relational data model the threads are dynamically constructed in response to the requirement • Directed graphs allow Intelligence Agents to use all available data in optimization techniques

26. Summary plus some thoughts

27. Complex new requirements are emerging Compliance views are of external trading process not internal functions The same views should provide the basis for improving competitive performance b Compliance Require Business Process Focussed BI decision Support Event Driven Collaboration d Current BI Historic Application Data Event Driven Activities Market Driven Activities Function based App App App Data Process based Market based App Data Data Warehouse Or Mart BI queries ‘Front’ Office processes that relate to Business activities performed and regulated rather than back office transaction recording relating to internal functions and applications structure Interactions with other enterprises in the market place require ‘right time’ ability To make optimal decisions through interaction collaborative negotiations then to transact as a recorded process ‘Back’ Office Application data is Transformed into a Data Warehouse or Mart optimised towards specific queries around past Application transactions not present Events

28. b Process Process based based App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data App Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart Or Mart The Technology Zones Externally created Value through more efficient market interaction Internal Value created through process redesign Internal Cost Reduction by shared resources License cost savings • Linux • Platform RRationalisation • Storage Area Networks • Server Virtualisation • Grid Computing • Security • Web Services • Business Intelligence • Management tools • Development Tools • Service Orientated Architecture • Mobility • Event Driven • Real Innovation • ……………… etc

29. Harvard Review – does IT matter? Has IT lost the capability to differentiate a business? Or is it we are looking in the wrong way to use new technologies and capabilities@ Internal Data Creating Differentiation Create external Pressure in the Market Redesign to new Process World Class Practitioner Early Adopter Traditional Approach Improvement Mature Follower Late Adopter Respond to external Pressure From the Market Improve existing Process Lacking in Differentiation Transformation External

30. Different Criteria for Purchase High High High “Gain ROI on Technology Investments” “Develop Breakthrough Business Models” Maintain Position Business Advantage Driven Innovate/Lead Buy on thought leadership andindividual skills; justify through competitive advantage Buy experience and method for risk management; justify through monetary gain Business Business Business Importance Importance Importance “Maintain Existing Technology” “Deliver Commodity Services” Cost Manage Reduce Exposure Cost Benefit Driven Buy on tools, technique and Right Shore delivery; justify on cost & mgmt overheads Buy on investment in service centre and staff; justify on transactional costing Business Low Low Low High High High Change Change Change