Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System

1. Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Chapter 9

2. ROOT • stetho, thoraco- chest • angio, vaso- vessel • arterio- artery • arteriole- arteriole • atrio- atrium • cardio- heart • phlebo, vene, veni, veno- vein

3. Cardiovascular System (CVS) • Heart (_______________) • Blood vessels • Blood • ________________________

4. Base: craniodorsal G I R A F F E CAT Apex: ventral and L of midline • Acts as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body • To nourish the tissues and remove their waste products • -Made of cardiac muscle (involuntary, striated) • -Hollow, 4-chambered organ • -Size varies with species • -located in the thoracic cavity

5. PERICARDIUM __________________ THAT COVERS THE HEART • The pericardium itself (outside) • Parietal layer – lines the _________ pericardium • Visceral layer (____________) – directly covers the heart’s surface Between the parietal and visceral layers is the _________________________

8. HEART WALL • EPICARDIUM (________ layer of membrane) • MYOCARDIUM (muscle) • ENDOCARDIUM (______________________________)

9. CANINE WITH CARDIOMEGALY NORMAL CANINE HEART

10. There are 4 chambers within the heart -The 2 craniodorsal chambers are ATRIA -The 2 caudoventral chambers are VENTRICLES -The heart is divided into right and left sides -The INTERATRIAL SEPTUM divides the 2 atria and the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM divides the 2 ventricles

11. CHAMBERS OF THE HEART • The ATRIA are ____________________ chambers for blood • _______________ walled • The VENTRICLES are _______________ chambers • ____________________ walled • left ventricle is ________________ because it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body (except the lungs, which is done by the right ventricle) • The RIGHT side of the heart receives blood from the body’s tissues and sends it to the lungs to be ______________________ • The LEFT side of the heart receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it out to the ________________________

13. THERE ARE 4 MAIN VALVES IN THE HEART ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES separate the __________from the _________________ • their job is to prevent backflow of blood into the atria • ____________________: the valve that separates the LEFT atrium from the LEFT ventricle • It is also called the BICUSPID valve as it has 2 flaps • _______________________(3 flaps): the valve that separates the RIGHT atrium from the RIGHT ventricle is • SEMILUNAR VALVES are half-moon shaped • They are located at the base of the pulmonary artery (_____________) and the base of the aorta (_________________) • They function to prevent backflow from the major arteries into the ventricles

14. a- rt. atrium, b- left atrium, 1- superior vena cava, 3- ascending aorta f-pulmonar​y trunk g- left pulmonary artery h- left pulmonary vein K- pulmonary semilunar valve L- tricuspid valve M- bicuspid (mitral) valve

15. BLOOD CIRCULATION • SYSTEMIC: left ventricle  aorta  arteries  arterioles  capillaries of the body  venules  veins  right atrium  ARTERIES  ARTERIOLES  CAPILLARIES  VENULES  VEINS • PULMONARY: right atrium  right ventricle  pulmonary artery  lung arterioles  lung capillaries  lung venules  pulmonary veins  left atrium  left ventricle

16. BLOOD CIRCULATION • ARTERIES • carry ______________________ blood (with exception of the ______________________) AWAY from the heart to the body • walls are THICK  • VEINS • transport ____________________________blood (with exception of the ___________________) BACK to the heart • thin, elastic walls • have valves to prevent backflow of blood • As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they become ARTERIOLES. • ARTERIOLES then branch and become smaller, into CAPILLARIES. • Capillaries have very thin walls and they distribute oxygen to the tissues while picking up the CO2 from the tissues (unoxygenated) and branch into larger structures called VENULES. • Venules empty into larger structures called VEINS, which return blood to the heart ___________________ _______________ _________________ ______________ _______________

17. ARTERIES • carry OXYGENATED blood (with exception of the Pulmonary Artery) AWAY from the heart to the body; walls are THICK  As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they become ARTERIOLES >ARTERIOLES then branch and become smaller, into CAPILLARIES >Capillaries have very thin walls and they distribute ________ to the tissues while picking up the _____________from the tissues (unoxygenated) and branch into larger structures called VENULES >Venules empty into larger structures called> VEINS, which return blood to the heart ARTERIES  ARTERIOLES  CAPILLARIES  VENULES  VEINS • VEINS • transport DEOXYGENATED blood (with exception of the Pulmonary Vein) BACK to the heart; thin, elastic walls • have valves to prevent backflow of blood

18. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/lifebeatonline/winter2007/learning.shtml#fig1

19. CONDUCTION SYSTEM of electrical impulses • SINOATRIAL NODE is the pacemaker of the heart and where the heartbeat originates and the rate is regulated • located in the _________________________________ • The impulses make the atria _________________________________ • ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE is in the _____________near the lower portion of the interatrial septum • the electrical impulse from the SA node affects the AV node, which then transmits the impulse to the • ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE (BUNDLE OF HIS) • this is located in the ___________________________________ • the ventricles now _______________ as the impulse is carried • throughout the ventricles via the ____________________________

20. http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Conduction-System.htm

21. NERVE FUNCTION ON HEART • PNS • Via SA and AV node • _________ HR • ______________ impulse conduction • ________________ coronary arteries • SN • Via cardiac nerves • SA and AV node • INCREASES HR • INCREASES impulse conduction • DILATES coronary arteries

22. CARDIAC CYCLE • The atria contract in ___________ and the ventricles contract in _______________ • The atria and ventricles do not contract at the same time (as one group contracts, the other relaxes) • ATRIAL contraction __________________ through the bicuspid and tricuspid valves • While this is occurring, the semilunar valves __________________ • The ventricles _______________ at this time  • VENTRICULAR contraction sends blood through the semilunar valves into the __________________________________ • While this is occurring, the bicuspid and tricuspid valves _________________ • The atria ____________ at this time and blood enters the atria from the vena cava and pulmonary veins • SYSTOLE – ____________________ of the atria and ventricles • blood is being _________________ from the heart • DIASTOLE –___________________ of the atria and ventricles -heart is ______________ with blood

23. BLOOD PRESSURE • SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE • produced by the blood pressing against artery walls while the ____________________________ • DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE • produced by the blood pressing against artery walls while the ____________________________ • ________TENSION = elevated blood pressure • _________TENSION = low blood pressure