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Diversity of Invertebrates: From Sponges to Cephalopods

Explore the fascinating world of invertebrates, from sponges to cephalopods, covering major phyla such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, and Mollusca. Learn about their unique characteristics, evolution, and habitats. Discover the evolution of segmentation and the variety of forms within these diverse phyla.

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Diversity of Invertebrates: From Sponges to Cephalopods

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  1. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish Protostomes - Lophotrochozoans

  2. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish Protostomes - Lophotrochozoans

  3. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms

  4. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Cephalization: eyespots and auricles Gastrovascular cavity convoluted gut Ameobocytes

  5. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Parasitic forms: Flukes Asexual reproduction – population increase!

  6. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Parasitic forms: Tapeworm

  7. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms Oligochaete (‘earth’) worms Polychaete worms Leeches

  8. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms Body cavity (coelom) Hydrostatic ‘skeleton’ Complete gut (‘tract’) Cephalization Segmentation

  9. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods

  10. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods

  11. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods Earliest mollusc, from the Burgess shale, dating to 560 mya, just before the Cambrian Radiation. It is a soft-bodied mollusc

  12. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods The ancestral state is segmentation as in the chitons. In the rest of the group there is reduction of sementation.

  13. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods The ancestral state is segmentation, as in the chitons. In the rest of the group there is reduction of segmentation.

  14. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods The pretty nudibranchs!!

  15. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods In sessile bivalves, there has been ‘decephalization’ – loss of head

  16. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods In sessile bivalves, there has been ‘decephalization’ – loss of head Scallop eyes

  17. 5. Major “Invertebrate” Phyla a. Porifera: Sponges b. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydra, Anemones, Jellyfish c. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms d. Annelida: Segmented worms e. Mollusca: Chitons, snails, bivalves, cephalopods In cephalopods, the shell is reduced from external to internal bony to internal cartilaginous to gone

  18. Folded front to back

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