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Nutrition During the Reproductive Years

Nutrition During the Reproductive Years. Presented by Ashley Patterson, Dietetic Intern Julie Wallace, Dietetic Intern. Malnutrition and Fertility. Fertility depends on both the health of the ovum and the sperm.

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Nutrition During the Reproductive Years

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  1. Nutrition During the Reproductive Years Presented by Ashley Patterson, Dietetic Intern Julie Wallace, Dietetic Intern

  2. Malnutrition and Fertility • Fertility depends on both the health of the ovum and the sperm. • Severe food limitation, low body weight, low fat stores, psychological stress, and altered metabolism causes amenorrhea. • In men it causes sperm immobility, reduced sperm numbers, and shorter life span. Vitamin C deficiency may cause sperm to stick together making them inactive.

  3. Malnutrition and Fertility • A healthy mother is crucial in determining whether the uterus will be able to support the growth of the placenta during the first trimester of gestation. If the mother has deficiencies, so will the fetus, as it has no other source of nutrients.

  4. Preconception • During pregnancy and lactation women should not smoke, drink alcohol, use and drugs not prescribed by a physician. All of these practices can lead to birth defects and other problems during pregnancy. • Approx.. 5,000 US babies are born with fetal alcohol syndrome resulting in mental retardation, facial malformations, behavioral problems.

  5. Preconception & Pregnancy • During preconception, pregnancy, and lactation environmental toxins such as pesticides, paints, solvents, household chemicals, lead, cat feces (they carry a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. • Saunas and hot tubs should be avoided as the hot water can damage the fetus.

  6. Weight Gain During Pregnancy

  7. Gentlemen- this is just as important for you! • Why? • Future significant other • Family member • Friend Pregnancy • “Eating for two” is a myth • You only need • 300 more calories a day in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (2 slices of bread, 1 slice of cheese, & 1 apple) • 10g more protein

  8. Folate and Folic Acid • Prevent birth defects • Folate is a B vitamin that helps prevent neural tube defects, serious abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord. Lack of folate in a pregnancy diet may also increase the risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery. The synthetic form of folate found in supplements and fortified foods is known as folic acid. • How much you need: • 800 micrograms of folate or folic acid a day before conception and throughout pregnancy. • Good sources: • Fortified cereals are great sources of folic acid. Leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, and dried beans and peas are good sources of naturally occurring folate.

  9. Calcium • Strengthen bones • You and your baby need calcium for strong bones and teeth. Calcium also helps your circulatory, muscular and nervous systems run normally. • How much you need: • 1,000 milligrams a day. Pregnant teenagers need 1,300 milligrams a day. • Good sources: • Dairy products are the richest sources of calcium. Many fruit juices and breakfast cereals are fortified with calcium, too.

  10. Vitamin D • Promote bone strength • Vitamin D also helps build your baby's bones and teeth. • How much you need: • 600 IU a day. • Good sources: • Fatty fish, such as salmon and tuna, are great sources of vitamin D. Other options include fortified milk and orange juice.

  11. Protein • Promote growth • Protein is crucial for your baby's growth, especially during the second and third trimesters. • How much you need: • 71 grams a day. • Good sources: • Lean meat, poultry, fish and eggs are great sources of protein. Other options include dried beans and peas, tofu, dairy products and peanut butter.

  12. Iron • Prevent anemia • Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen to your tissues. During pregnancy your blood volume expands to accommodate changes in your body and help your baby make his or her entire blood supply — doubling your need for iron. • If you don't get enough iron, you may become fatigued and more susceptible to infections. The risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight also may be higher. • How much you need: • 27 milligrams a day. • Good sources: • Lean red meat, poultry and fish are good sources of iron. Other options include iron-fortified breakfast cereals, nuts and dried fruit.

  13. References • Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011, May 21). Pregnancy diet: Focus on these essential nutrients. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pregnancy-nutrition/PR00110 This institution is an equal opportunity provider.

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