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Using the Quantum Model

Using the Quantum Model. Periodic Table. Periodic Trends. Atomic Radius: Increases down a group and decreases across a period Ionization Energy (energy required to remove an electron from the atom): Decreases down a group and increases across a period. Ions.

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Using the Quantum Model

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  1. Using the Quantum Model

  2. Periodic Table

  3. Periodic Trends • Atomic Radius: Increases down a group and decreases across a period • Ionization Energy (energy required to remove an electron from the atom): Decreases down a group and increases across a period

  4. Ions • Cations: lose electrons, electron configuration of the cation is the noble gas core General group 1: [NG]ns1 [NG]+ +1e- • Anions: gain electrons, electron configuration of anion is the following noble gas on the periodic table General group 17: [NG] ns2np5 +1e- [NG] ns2np6 Become isoelectric to the noble gas (same number of electrons)

  5. Magnetism: classified by strongest magnetic property • Diamagnetic: weak interaction with a magnetic field, material is slightly repelled by magnetic field • All material has diamagnetic properties • Paramagnetic: material is attracted into the magnetic field, single electron in an orbital (unpaired electron) • Ferromagnetic: material is attracted to a magnet or form magnetic material. Higher number of unpaired electrons.

  6. Anomelies • Pairing raises the energy slightly, a half filled subshell and a full filled subshell lower the energy (gaining some stability) Possibilities: • Will half fill both s and dorbitals (Cr, Mo, W) • Will half fill s orbital and fill d orbital (Cu, Ag, Au) • Will fill d orbital and have empty s orbital (Pd)

  7. Applications of Quantum Mechanics

  8. Lasers • Uses Planks theory: excite electrons and when they relax back to ground state the photon released produces light

  9. MRI’s • Magnetic resonance imaging: uses nuclear magnetic resonance principles • Aligns the spins to one direction in the body using a large magnet, followed by a pulse to alter the alignment • Nuclei produce a magnetic field which is detected to create an image when they relax

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