Opticon Key Technologies Network Colin Cunningham UK ATC, Edinburgh 11 th Nov 2008

1. Opticon Key Technologies Network Colin Cunningham UK ATC, Edinburgh 11th Nov 2008

2. Scope & Objectives • Objectives – from Contract • To identify key technology needs • Look for opportunities which technology developments in other sectors provide for astronomy • Encourage European collaborative technology development projects • Provide a forum for discussing potential routes for further development • Scope: • The focus of the KTN activities is enabling technologies • The KTN supports the development of facilities (telescopes) as well as instruments • The core activity of the KTN is in the wavelength region 300 nm to 35 µm. • The KTN supports a balanced portfolio of low risk and high risk technology developments • The KTN supports the integration of telescope and instrument test facilities.

3. Working Method • Core Team – based round JRA leaders • Associate team – contribute where appropriate • Twiki – interactive website https://ssl.roe.ac.uk/twiki/bin/view/Optikeytec/WebHome • Meeting alongside Opticon reviews and other events eg SPIE meetings • Specific Workshops focussed on science-driven technology challenges • Roadmap development

4. time Science Goals Facility,MissionorInstrument Technology Technology Planning: Roadmap

5. Roadmapping Process

7. Technology threads and outcomes • William Herschel Telescope Laser Guide Star and AO Testbed > UK funding & FP7 Proposal • Smart Instrument Technologies > FP7 Proposal • Optical components for ELT Instruments • EAGLE & OPTIMOS consortia • IR Detectors > UK study with Industry, potential ESA funding • Astrophotonics > FP7 Proposal

8. Major Meetings • Core Team Meeting – Glasgow, June 04 • Core Team Meeting & Technology Roadmap for ELT – Grenoble, Oct 04 • Challenges in Optics for ELT Instruments – Rome, Oct 05 • AO Roadmap Workshop – Paris, March 06 • Core Team Meeting & FP7 Roadmap – Orlando, May 06 • Astro-Photonica Europa – Edinburgh, August 06 • Smart Focal Planes Roadmap – Neuchatel, Dec 05 • WHT Testbed Meeting – La Palma, Oct 06 • Smart Instrument Technologies – Leiden, April 07

9. La Palma Testbed > CANARY GLAS WHT Rayleigh LGS Facility Test, May 2007 Photo: Tibor Agocs, ING

10. AstroPhotonics Jeremy Allington-Smith, Durham University AstroPhotonica Europa is a partnership to exploit photonic principles for astronomy, using and enriching the existing research and industrial infrastructure. The primary goal is to make instruments for Extremely Large Telescopes affordable and practicable by exploiting photonic principles. Telecommunications has been the main driver for photonic innovation so far. • Future generation of extremely large telescopes may be contingent on the use of photonic devices, including integrated spectrographs, dispersers, beam combiners and photonic crystal fibres. • Although the potential of photonics has been demonstrated, much is still needed to develop practical, efficient devices • It will build on the lead in instrument innovation already established by Europe and its strategic partners. There are opportunities for synergy with the life sciences and earth observation. • Benefits from this programme will flow back to industry to enhance European expertise in a strategically-important sector

11. Corfu: Planned Future Meetings • Astro-Photonica Europa – October 07, Grenoble • WHT Testbed Meeting – December 07 • IR Detectors Astronomy Requirements and European Industry Capabilities • Technology Roadmap Update Workshop

12. Actual Meetings • Astro-Photonica Europa – October 07, Grenoble • WHT Testbed Meetings – December 07 Leiden & ESO • IR Detectors Astronomy Requirements and European Industry Capabilities – Aug 08 Oxford

13. Towards the Next Generation of Astronomical IR Detectors Department of Physics, University of Oxford Tuesday 1st July: Instrument Projects and Detector Requirements 13:00 Welcome and Introduction Gavin Dalton 13:15 ESO’s E-ELT Instrumentation Markus Kissler-Patig 14:00 ESA Programmes, activities & requirements Nick Nelms 14:45 MICADO – The E-ELT Imager Ric Davies 15:15 The HARMONI Integral Field Spectrograph Fraser Clarke 16:15 Detector requirements for EAGLE Colin Cunningham 16:45 Overview of a Wide Field MOS capability Gavin Dalton 17:15 The DUNE imager requirements Frank Eisenhauer 17:45 Wrap-up discussion Wednesday 2nd July: Detector developments and prospects 09:30 Overview of current IR FPAs in astronomy Derek Ives 10:00 Status of IR focal plane technology at ESO Gert Finger 10:30 Coffee 11:00 Developments at QinetiQ Peter Dennis & David Hall 12:00 Developments at SELEX Keith Baker 13:45 CCDs in the 1 micron region Paul Jorden 14:15 Developemnts at RAL Nick Waltham 14:45 Discussion Session https://forge.roe.ac.uk/twiki/bin/view/Optikeytec/PresenTations

14. CMT Growth Capabilities • Growth of Cadmium Mercury Telluride • by bulk Bridgman • by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) • by Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) • Key to the ability to offer affordable high performance detectors is to be able to grow high quality MCT on large area, low cost substrates • MOVPE is the only technology capable of growing on low cost (GaAs) large area (currently three inch diameter, but soon to move to a six inch capability) substrates. Galileo Avionica S.p.A and SELEX Sensors & Airborne Systems Limited - Finmeccanica Companies

15. Input IR Silicon substrate with CMT device mesas CMT n p Indium bumps Silicon Read - Out IC Input IR Contact metal CMT Silicon Read - Out IC with integrated CMT islands System Architecture for Growth on ROICs Crystalline CdHgTe areas Si ROIC MBE Buffer MOVPE CdHgTe Growth Polycrystalline CdHgTe

16. Up-coming Meetings • Roadmap Update Workshop • 13th/14th November at UK ATC, Edinburgh • Material Property Measurements for Cryogenic Instruments • December 4th/5th at Merate, Milan

17. Technology Roadmap Workshop Aims • Review and update the roadmap for technology development needed by optical and infra-red ground based astronomy in the future. • The roadmap will: • Highlight the key technologies required • and the important stages in their development • Show how these will help us meet our top scientific goals • Highlight the funding available to allow us to do this • And identify synergies with space based astronomy • The roadmap will primarily focus on technologies for instruments and interferometry, but will also touch upon technologies for telescopes and adaptive optics. • The updated roadmap document will be the final delivery of the FP6 KTN, and will be taken forward as a working tool for FP7 KTN

18. Workshop attendees Robert Pfab Technologist UK ATC UK Dave Melotte Technologist UK ATC UK Colin Cunningham PPT Engineer UK ATC UK Frank Molster MIR Instruments NOVA/Leiden NL Gavin Dalton IR Detectors/Fibres RAL/Oxford UK Filippo Zerbi Optical Devices INAF/Brera IT Lars Venema Mechanisms/Instruments ASTRON NL Adam Woodcraft Cryogenics SUPA/Edinburgh UK Pierre Kern Interferometry LOAG FR Jeremy Allington-Smith Astrophotonics/IFUs Durham UK Tim Gledhill Polarimetry Hertfordshire UK Didier Martin Space Technology ESA Int Suzanne Ramsay Howat IR Instruments ESO Int

19. Cryo Materials Workshop • The goals of this workshop are: • to foster the sharing of information, experience and techniques between instrument developers, experts in optical and structural materials and industry • to review the actual precisions and limitations of the knowledge on relevant materials • to explore opportunities for future partnerships and joint use of facilities • to discuss plans for funding of future work • to summarize the current status and collect the future needs in a review paper • Specific topics of the workshop are: • survey of existing data • Optical • Thermal • Mechanical • a survey of existing facilities and their capabilities • the need for measurements over a range of temperatures • where new materials could make a difference if we knew how to use them • what is missing

20. Attendees (TBC) Erich Ruch SAGEM France Matthias Kroedel ECM (Cesic) Germany Fabrizio Vitali INAF – Roma Italy Pedichini Fernando INAF – Roma Italy Alberto Alvarez Herrero INTA Spain Tsuyoshi Ozaki Mitsubishi Japan Filippo Zerbi INAF – Brera Italy Andrea Bianco INAF - IASF Milano Italy Paolo Spanò INAF – Brera Italy Colin Cunningham UK ATC UK Adam Woodcraft SUPA UK Florian Kerber ESO International Peter Hartmann SCHOTT Germany Favio Bortoletto INAF – Padova Italy Giuseppe Pennestri Gavazzi Space Italy Simon Canfer RAL UK Marco Barucci Univ. Firenze Italy Marco Canetti RIAL Italy Johan Pragt ? ASTRON Netherlands

21. Spend & Remaining funds • €191k total (reduced) budget • €70k left for 2008 • €10k promised to INSU for JRA2 • Rest being used for 3 workshops & final roadmap production

22. Publications & Dissemination • IAU Symposium 232: Scientific Requirements for ELTs, Cape Town, Nov 2005 • Novel Technologies required to meet ELT science challenges, Cunningham & Crampton • SPIE Symposium Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Orlando, May 2006 • Plenary Presentation: Novel Technology for Optical and Infrared Astronomy, Colin Cunningham • Follow up invited talk at NASA Goddard Nov 2007 • Challenges in optics for Extremely Large Telescope instrumentation, Spano et al • Astron. Nachr. / AN 999, No. 88, 789 – 811 (2006) • Towards the European ELT, Marseille Nov 2006 • Overview of the FP6 ELT Instrumentation Program & Technology Challenges for ELT Instruments Colin Cunningham • IR Detectors Gavin Dalton • SPIE Symposium Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Marseille, 2008 • Smart instrument technologies to meet extreme instrument stability requirements • Colin Cunningham, Peter Hastings, Florian Kerber, David Montgomery, Lars Venema, Pascal Vola • 400 years of the telescope, Oct 2008, ESTEC • Future Technologies for Telescopes and Instruments, Colin Cunningham

23. Objectives Achieved • To identify key technology needs • IR Detectors, Large Optics, Astrophotonics, AO components and systems, Smart Instrument Technologies • Look for opportunities which technology developments in other sectors provide for astronomy • Astrophotonics, IR Detectors • Encourage European collaborative technology development projects • WHT Testbed, Astrophotonics, Smart Instrument Technologies, AO • Provide a forum for discussing potential routes for further development • Through 14 Meetings & Workshops

24. Follow on: FP7 Opticon Key Technology Network • The KTN has proved to be a valuable mechanism for bringing partners together to address technology requirements and bid for new projects • The Technology Roadmap for Optical & IR Astronomy needs to be continually updated to deal with a changing scientific, programmatic, technical and political environment

25. The Opticon Key Technologies Network (KTN) will: • Identify key technology needs relevant to the AstroNet Facility Roadmap • Develop and regularly update the extant (FP6) dynamic Technology Roadmap • Analyse technology developments in other sectors which provide opportunities for application in astronomy • Identify spin-out opportunities for technologies developed for astronomy to be used in other research sectors and to improve the competitiveness of European industry • Help build project consortia to develop those technologies, and search out technology development funding • Provide a forum to share information between the FP7 Opticon RTD activities.

26. Core Working Group • The network will be coordinated by a core working group based on the RTD PIs with additional co-opted members • Specific working groups on individual technologies will draft in others with particular expertise where appropriate • The programme will be explicitly coordinated with the ESA technology programme and connected to the AstroNet Science Vision and Facility Roadmap

27. Management • WPM Colin Cunningham (UK ATC) • Deputy WPM Frank Molster (NOVA) • Responsible for ESA and AstoNET connections • With support from UK ATC Innovation Group • Robert Pfab & Dave Melotte

28. Linkages • Explore linkages and opportunities between technology developments across the Opticon FP7 programme and other relevant European collaborative programmes. • The working group will expand the network of people who wish to develop European capabilities for technology development for IR and Optical Astronomy • Emphasis will be placed on bringing in active partners from the new EU countries and encouraging a better gender and age balance • Develop European Industrial awareness of the astronomy community’s needs for advanced technology, to foster interaction with industry and to investigate the technology areas which will create mutual benefit (both scientific and economic) • Assist the Opticon Astrophotonics JRA in developing links with industrial and academic photonics groups throughout Europe, making use of European industrial networks such as the UK Photonics Knowledge Transfer Network • Develop a network of European organisations with capabilities and interests in cryogenic measurement of structural and optical properties of new materials, aimed at developing future funding proposals

29. Workshops • The main KTN activity will be to run a series of ten or more workshops • Project definition and consortium development: bringing together teams to develop proposals for technology development. • Technology Roadmapping: mapping AstroNet science goals onto technologies available and requiring development, and linking to implementation paths and funding sources. • Potential Key Technologies Workshops: • Detectors • New optical materials • Photonics devices • Interferometry • Spectrometry • Novel materials for cryogenic structures • Cryogenic Mechanisms • Systems modelling • These workshops will build on the momentum generated in the FP6 KTN • A major aim of these workshops will be to generate proposals for the second phase of Opticon FP7 (and FP8) – and for national funding

30. KTN FP7 Cost Summary