Notes

1. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes Instructions 1) First click on "View" from the top-menu bar. 2) Then click on "Slide Show" from the drop-down menu. 3) Then use the right-arrow button on your keyboard to advance through this presentation.  • Tools and Procedures in Science • The procedures used in science are called the scientific method Scientific Method (In Flow Chart Format) • These procedures involve thoroughly examining events and items in nature, finding patterns, and drawing logical conclusions based on verifiable evidence

2. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures  Notes • Tools and Procedures in Science • The procedures used in science are called the scientific method Scientific Method (In List Format) • Step 1: Make Observations • Step 2: Ask A Question • Step 3: Form A Hypothesis • Step 4: Test The Hypothesis • By doing experiments • Step 5: Analyze The Results • Step 6: Draw Conclusions • Step 7: Communicate results • A key procedure is when test your hypothesis by doing detailed and thorough experiments (step 4 shown above)

3. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  • Experiments • In an experiment you measure a quantities and/or qualities • In an experiment you should conduct multiple trials • Experiments should include independent variables, dependent variables, constants, and controls. • Example: • Scientists could be testing a new vaccine for the flu virus to determine how effective it is • Scientists could be measuring how air pollution damages plants and animals • Scientists could be measuring the output of solar flares to determine how they might damage our communication satellites

4. Experiments SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes  In an experiment… …you should only test for ONE key thing at a time This is called the… Independent Variable …after you introduce the independent variable, you observe what happens. This response/result is called the… Dependent Variable Items or events that are repeated exactly the same way each time you duplicate an experiment are called… Constants NOTE: You should also conduct a control experiment where you either eliminate out the independent variable or use a neutral independent variable (called a placebo)

5. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Experiments • In an experiment… • …you use scientific tools such as… • …a spring scale -measures force (weight) • …a graduated cylinder -measures volume -measures mass • …a triple beam balance • …a metric ruler or meter stick -measures length • …a microscope -allows you to observe very small things • …a metric thermometer -measures temperature • …a stop watch -measures time -measures acidity and basicity • …a pH indicator -measures electrical current (strength and direction) • …a galvanometer

6. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Scientific Tools

7. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you measure things with the metric system using tools such as: • …a spring scale -measures force (weight) -unit of measure: newtons (N)

8. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you measure things with the metric system using tools such as: • …a graduated cylinder -measures volume -unit of measure: liters -examples: milliliter (mL), liter (L) -can be converted to cubic centimeters etc. -measures both liquid volume and volume of irregular solids

9. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you measure things with the metric system using tools such as: • …a triple beam balance (or electric balance) -measures mass -unit of measure: grams -examples: milligrams (mg), grams (g), kilograms (kg)

10. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you measure things with the metric system using tools such as: • …a metric ruler or meter stick -measures length -unit of measure: meters -examples: millimeter (mm), centimeter (cm), meter (m), kilometer (km)

11. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you might need to look at things that are very small • …you would use a microscope

12. SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  Scientific Tools In an experiment… …you measure things with the metric system using tools such as: • …a metric thermometer -measures temperature -unit of measure: degrees-celsius (C) or kelvins (K)

13. Scientific Tools SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  In an experiment… …you could measure the strength of an acid or base with a… • …pH Indicator -measures acidity and basicity -unit of measure: pH scale reading from 0 to 14

14. Scientific Tools SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  In an experiment… …you also might use a galvanometer to measure electrical current …measures both the strength & direction of electrical current

15. Scientific Tools SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  In an experiment… …you also might use…… …beakers …flasks …test tubes beaker flask Test tubes

16. Scientific Tools SPI 0807.Inq.2 (Tools and Procedures Notes  In an experiment… …you also might use…… …a hot plate …a Bunsen burner …a Petri dish Petri dish hot plate Bunsen burner