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Understanding Exercise Physiology: Powering the Body with ATP and Energy Pathways

This text delves into the role of ATP as the energy-storing molecule essential for our body's functions, likened to gasoline. It explains the energy pathways, such as cellular respiration, detailing glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. The concept of muscle fatigue, oxygen debt, hypertrophy, and muscle atrophy is explored. Engage in a quick quiz to test your knowledge on topics covered.

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Understanding Exercise Physiology: Powering the Body with ATP and Energy Pathways

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  1. Exercise Physiology APL2/L3

  2. Adenosine Triphosphate Energy storing molecule “usable energy” Our Body’s “gasoline”

  3. 1.ATP (6 sec): stored in mitochondria. 2. CP: Creatine phosphate (10 sec) A lot of it in muscles and builds ATP back up. (Creatine phosphate + ADP ↔ ATP + creatine) 3. Glycogen: stored glucose in liver and muscles.(anaerobic) Fat: used last. Greatest potential energy source. Energy Pathways (3)

  4. Cellular Respiration: • Process which releases energy from organic compounds in cells. • 3 reactions: glycolysis, citric acid cycle (Krebs), electron transport chain • RESULT: CO2, H2O and energy. ½ IS HEAT, ½ IS USED TO MAKE ATP (ENERGY NEEDED BY MUSCLE CELLS)

  5. Glycolysis: • Breaking of glucose: 6-carbon glucose molecule→two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules. • High energy electrons are delivered to ETC • 2 molecules ATP produced

  6. Part II of Aerobic Respiration Charged Ions are produced and gotten ready for ETC. 2 ATP produced Krebs cycle

  7. Electron Transport Chain

  8. ATP • Between ETC and Krebs Cycle: 34 molecules of ATP are produced. • A lot of heat is given off

  9. Muscle fatigue and Oxygen Debt • Normally, we breath enough O2 to support aerobic use of glucose. However… • Strenuous use of muscles result in: anaerobic respiration: glucose is broken into pyruvic acid → lactic acid • Lactic acid: not enough ATP to convert it to glucose at this time. • Results in: O2 debt= muscle cramping/fatigue

  10. Hypertrophy of Muscles • Muscles forcefully exercised will enlarge • There is ↑ in muscle fiber size, not number of muscles. • i.e: body builder/weight -lifter, prof. athlete

  11. Atrophy of Muscles • Muscles not used will decrease in size • This is called muscle atrophy • i.e: spinal cord patients: very thin and frail

  12. Quick Quiz (2 pts/bullet) • What is gasoline for our body? • What are the 3 energy pathways in the cell? • What 3 reactions make up cellular respiration and what do they produce? • When does anaerobic respiration occur? • How do muscles enlarge? What is increased muscle mass called?

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