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Exercise Physiology

Exercise Physiology. APL2/L3. Exercise: What do you use/how does it happen?. 1. When you exercise or exert yourself, where does the energy come from? 2. Is weight lifting the same as running on a treadmill in terms of energy usage?

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Exercise Physiology

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  1. Exercise Physiology APL2/L3

  2. Exercise: What do you use/how does it happen? • 1. When you exercise or exert yourself, where does the energy come from? • 2. Is weight lifting the same as running on a treadmill in terms of energy usage? • 3. Do you obtain the same results if you weight lift vs do cardio exercise? • 4. Does the amount of time you exercise each session matter in ques #3?

  3. Adenosine Triphosphate Energy storing molecule “usable energy” ATP: Our Body’s “gasoline”

  4. 1.ATP (6 sec): stored in mitochondria. 2. CP: Creatine phosphate (10 sec) A lot of it in muscles and builds ATP back up. (Creatine phosphate + ADP ↔ ATP + creatine) 3. Glycogen: stored glucose in liver and muscles.(anaerobic) Fat: used last. Greatest potential energy source. Three Main Energy Pathways

  5. Cellular Respiration: • Process which releases energy from organic compounds in cells. • 3 reactions make up Cellular Respiration: glycolysis, citric acid cycle (Krebs), electron transport chain • RESULT: CO2, H2O and energy. ½ IS HEAT, ½ IS USED TO MAKE ATP (ENERGY NEEDED BY MUSCLE CELLS)

  6. Glycolysis: • Breaking of glucose: 6-carbon glucose molecule→two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules. • High energy electrons are delivered to ETC • 2 molecules ATP produced

  7. Part II of Aerobic Respiration Charged Ions are produced and gotten ready for ETC. 6-8 ATP produced Krebs cycle: aka Citric Acid Cycle

  8. Electron Transport Chain

  9. Put this info next to ETC slide • High energy electron carriers such as NADH and hydrogen (H+) generated from glycolysis and Krebs hold most of the energy (in the form of electrons) from the original glucose molecule. • These electrons are passed along in the mitochondria. • Energy from the “handing off” to oxygen (the last electron carrier) is used to make ATP from ADP and phosphate

  10. ATP • Between ETC and Krebs Cycle: 36-40 molecules of ATP are produced. • A lot of heat is given off

  11. Put these notes next to last slide • If you want to lose fat or increaseendurance: exercise needs to be slower, for longer periods of time. i.e- 30-60min at 60-70% of max heart rate. • If you want to build muscle: muscles must be forcefully exercised to cause hypertrophy (increase in muscle fiber size, not increase in # of fibers or # of muscles)

  12. Hypertrophy of Muscles • Muscles forcefully exercised will enlarge • There is ↑ in muscle fiber size, not number of muscles. • i.e: body builder/weight -lifter, prof. athlete

  13. Atrophy of Muscles • Muscles not used will decrease in size • This is called muscle atrophy • i.e: spinal cord patients: very thin and frail

  14. Muscle fatigue and Oxygen Debt • Normally, we breath enough O2 to support aerobic use of glucose. However… • Strenuous use of muscles result in: anaerobic respiration: glucose is broken into pyruvic acid → lactic acid • Lactic acid: not enough ATP to convert it to glucose at this time. • Results in: O2 debt= muscle cramping/fatigue

  15. Cont. • If not enough oxygen coming in=electrons cannot continue to pass through. • Electrons will be given back to pyruvic acid in a Rx that forms lactic acid. • The debt will be repayed later when there is enough oxygen to make ATP to convert the lactic acid to glucose.

  16. Quick Quiz (2 pts/bullet) • 1. is gasoline for our body? • 2. What are the 3 energy pathways in the cell? • 3. What 3 reactions make up cellular respiration and what do they produce? • 4. When (time-wise) and under what conditions (type of work-out) does anaerobic respiration occur? • 5. How do muscles enlarge? What is increased muscle mass called?

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