Exercise Physiology

1. Exercise Physiology Huang Wen Ying 黄文英 Institute of Physiology Physical education school of JXNU Email: wenying@jxnu.edu.cn

2. Exordium Section 1 The fundamental characteristics of life Section2 Physiological function regulation of human body Section3The control of physiological function regulation of human body Section4Basic research method Section5history and present research situation Section6development trend

3. Physiology：A branch of life science that study the rule of human activity and an important basic method of medicine • Exercise Physiology:A branch of physiology that forcus on exercise capacity and its reaction and adaptation. • Task:Review:Regulation and mechanism of theSports impaction on the human body functions • elucidation the physiological principle in Sports training, physical education . Guidance improve the quality of humen life. 。

4. Section I The basic features of life 1, metabolism 2, excitability 3, stress 4, adaptability 5, reproduction

5. First, metabolism • conception： The process that body exchange material with the outside world and energy conversion continuously. • Assimilation process: the process that the organism uptake of useful material from the environment , complete its synthesis, and transform material into their own body • Alienation process: the process that organisms decomposed the body's own substances, and discharged the decomposition production out of the body continuously, and release energy that supply to the requires of the body.

6. Second, Excitability • Excitability : The features that excitement organizations In the body can feel stimulation and create Excitement • ExcitingOrganizations : nerve, muscle and certain glands • Excitement: these organizations will be excited by the stimulation of electricity in physiology. • Physical activity performance: excitement and inhibition

7. Third, stress • Stress: the ability or character that organization of the body response to the change of surrounding environment. • The forms of Organization stress : Biological activity, changes in cell metabolism

8. 4, adaptability • Adaptability: the ability for organisms to adapt to a particular environment. • For example, the residents who live in the plateau region for a long time, the number of erythrocytesin the blood is far more than the residents in the plain area. The strength and size of muscle can increase after long-term muscle strength training in Athletes; It can improved muscle endurance, heart ,lung function and so on after a long-term endurance training, these are the results of human body adapt to environmental changes.

9. Reproduction • Biological life is limited and must be carried out through the reproductive process to continue the life. Reproduction is the basic life activities. However, in recent years due to the development of biotechnology, life can be copied through the cloning technology, the traditional reproductive theory and concepts are being challenged

10. Section II of the regulation of human physiology neuroregulation humoralegulation autoregulation biological rhythm

11. First, nerve-conditioning Neural adjustment: regulating the activities from the nervous system of physiological function of ways.   Regulation characteristics: rapid, short, precise   Adjust the basic method: Reflection Structural adjustment based on: reflex arc Reflex arc components: central nerve afferent fibers efferent fibres receptor effector

12. Second, humoral regulation humoral regulation: The regulation methods of the body-conditioning physiological functions throgh some special chemical substances throgh blood transport Regulation characteristics: slow, broad, lasting Regulation:Hormone ① remote secretion: → endocrine glands →hormone→ blood transport → physiological effects. ② para secretion: localized humoral regulation without a blood hormone transportion. ③ neurosecretion: nerve cell secretion of hormones released into the blood of the body.

13. 3, autoregulation autoregulation: self-adaptive process of organizations and cells don’t response to the stimulate which do not rely on external regulation of body fluids or circumstances, Regulation characteristics: smalle scope ,not very sensitive 4, biological rhythms      Organisms in the process of life-sustaining activities, in addition to the need for nerve regulation, regulation and self-regulating body fluids, the activities of various physiological functions will be a certain amount of time in order of cyclical changes in physiological function activities such cyclical changes, known as Of the time structure, or the biological rhythm. According to their biological rhythm of the frequency divided into approximate level of circadian rhythm, the rhythm-and ultra-day rhythm of three categories.

14. Section III the control regulation of human physiological function 1, non-automatic control system 2, feedback control system 3. Feedforward control system

15. First, non-automatic control system        In the control system, control part not impact by feedback activities. Control: unidirectivity

16. Second, feedback control system      In the control system, control part impact by feedback activities.      Control:  two directivity (sub: positive feedback, negative feedback)        Feedback control system is divided into, control and controlled part, three main links

17. 3. Feedforward control system     In the training control system, it will interfered by the information in the controlled part, at the same time, it also controled directly through by such interfere information with the direct control • Features: dual-path

18. Section IV The basic research methods of exercise physiology First, the level of research in vivo Methods: The research on the human body in certain environmental conditions during exercise in vivo, the relationship between the system and, the system of campaign process of adaptation.    Organ,system level study   Methods: isolated tissue, organs experiment method Cells, the molecular level research Method: isolated cells, molecular experiment

19. Second, research methods (A) animal test    Animal experiments generally conclude, chronic and acute experiment, two types of experiments. (B) human experiment  The experimental method commonly used in human testing is a field tests and laboratory tests in the study of exercise physiology

20. Section V Research Status

21. Second,current thesearch focus (1) VO2max (2) the Recognition of oxygen debt theory (3) Lactic acid threshold of the individual (4) Fatigue (5) free radicals • (6)muscle contraction and protein metabolism • (7) The research of muscle fiber types (8) The impact of exercise on heart function • (9) Exercise and weight control (10) Movement and the Immune Function

22. Section VI The development trend of exercise physiology 1, More micro-level study 2, More macro-level study 3, innovative research methods 4,The attention of applied research 5, Field expanding

23. [Think] 1.What is task of Exercise physiology research? 2.What is the basic characteristic of Life? 3.How to regulate the Human physiology ? 4.How to control the regulation of the body's physiological function? 5.How many methods does Exercise physiology research have? 6.Which are the major Current research hot spots in exercise physiology?