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The Middle East

The Middle East. Heavier rainfall and access to water Extends along Mediterranean Coastal plain in Israel, through Lebanon and Syria, down into northern Iraq Ancient civilizations began here – Mesopotamia in 4,000B.C. Fertile Crescent. Share common history, but not a common culture

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The Middle East

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  1. The Middle East

  2. Heavier rainfall and access to water • Extends along Mediterranean Coastal plain in Israel, through Lebanon and Syria, down into northern Iraq • Ancient civilizations began here – Mesopotamia in 4,000B.C. Fertile Crescent

  3. Share common history, but not a common culture • Majority practice Islam: • Sunni (followed elected leader – chosen in a Shura) • Shiite (followed Ali, cousin of Muhammad) • (Israel is the exception – What do they practice?) • Christian communities • Religious identity is closely tied to social status Who lives here?

  4. Conquered huge empire by 500 BC Built roads, “pony express” communication system Lots of cultural diffusion Persians

  5. Adopted idea of monotheism One God - Yaweh Diaspora – the forced removal of Jews from their homeland (Israel) Hebrews

  6. For about 600 years, Islam was the most potent and vital religion, culture and military force (632-1258) Arab Empire • Ruled by successors of Mohammed (Caliphs) • A political-religious state – Caliphate

  7. Suleiman the Magnificent Ruled from 15th to 18th century Ottomans

  8. Beginning of European infiltration into M.E. After he defeated Egypt, the British came to the defense of Ottomans – shows them as superior and gave them voice in M.E. affairs Brits also defend Turkey from Russia Napoleon, the Brits and the Russians

  9. Wahhabis – Anti-Turkish, Anti-Western Muslim movement • Angry @ corruption of Ottoman govt. and western reforms • Urged strict puritanical devotion to Islam • Helped to establish Saudi Arabia Nationalism on the Arabian Peninsula

  10. British occupy Egypt and control canal • Broken promises of Europeans after the war is won create bitterness • Brits had promised M.E. countries independence if they helped • After victory, Lebanon and Syria went to France while the British took over Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan, (as mandates) Growth of nationalism results from resentment of European rule and manipulation – demands for independence grow WWI

  11. Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

  12. Mass rallies, strikes and boycotts Arabs engaged in guerilla warfare in Palestine and violent outbursts occur in occupied countries Saudi Arabia and Iraq gain independence, Syria and Lebanon controlled by French until WWII Nationalism

  13. Britain defends its interests in Egypt in WWII from Italian dictator Mussolini • Arabs in the rest of occupied countries try to ally with Axis powers • Try to seize opportunity to be rid of European domination Opportunity Knocks

  14. http://www.mapsofwar.com/images/EMPIRE17.swf Describe one possible result of the information you gather from the map. Map of History of Empires

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