Unit 4 Nationalism and WW I

1. Unit 4 Nationalism and WW I • Includes Ch 22.5, 25.5, and all Ch 26 • ………but first…………….let’s review • Enlightenment – • Define what, where, when • What were some of the most important ideas that came out of the Enlightenment that would influence the world?

2. Define NATIONALISM (2 PARTS) • Now recognize: the ideas of the Enlightenment would spread throughout the world…….. • …….and influence people, governments, political philosophies, and countries around the globe………. • …….but these ideas would not always be accepted and would often lead to conflict

3. 22.5 Congress of Vienna: Background Info • Europe 1815: • Influenced by the spread of Enlightenment and Liberal ideas from the American and French Revolutions • The continent was also dominated by Napoleon’s empire but Napoleon has been defeated and now in exile.

4. Napoleon’s Europe

5. Nationalism • ***Now there is a wave of NATIONALISM in Europe among different ethnic groups. • Desired to create new boundaries and countries that would unify their groups and interests and create more Liberal, democratic governments.

6. Congress of Vienna 1815

7. Congress of Vienna • (held in Austria) 1815 • Leaders of Europe meet to re-organize the continent following Napoleon’s defeat. • 2 Main goals: 1- restore Europe’s boundaries and rightful rulers (Reactionary – favored the absolute monarchs that had once ruled) 2- restore Balance of Power in Europe

8. Most govt. representatives present were REACTIONARY • - opposed the changes brought forth by Enlightenment and Liberalism • ** and opposed the movement of Nationalism among Europe’s ethnic groups. • The Congress of Vienna favored returning boundaries held by the absolute monarchs prior to Napoleon and the French Revolution.

9. Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia : meet to keep and secure the ideas set forth in the Congress of Vienna.

10. ***The ideas set forth became known as the Metternich System • influence Europe throughout the 1800’s. • The rest of the 1800’s marked by a number of challenges to the Metternich system. • The spirit of liberalism and nationalism would begin to spread around the world.

11. ………Now what? • Following the breakup of Napoleon’s empire- there were many ethnic groups that wanted to be united in their own country but were separated into different states or countries. • Some worked for this nationalism and at the same time used Reactionary philosophies in order to maintain a strong government and stability. • …Reactionary? • why reactionary philosophies?????

12. Realpolitik and the Nation State 1850-1900 • Historians see the first half of the century as a time of liberal hope and Romantic yearning; but the last half was one of Realism. • ….what’s the difference?

13. The German word REALPOLITIK captures the • change in politics during the century. • It was a politic of Realism, of using power and cunning • to achieve objectives. • It was realism, not the ideal of the liberal reformers • that prompted the conservative • people like Cavour in Italy and Bismarck in Prussia to • become Conservative sponsors of national unification. • Italians and Germans got their nation states as results of • efforts by dynasties advancing their own interests.

14. So how does this apply to South (Latin) America? • 25.5 (pg. 666-7) Latin American Independence • Define Latin America • …romance languages based on Latin • ….Spanish, Portuguese, French • …..traditionally- the colonies of the Spanish, Portuguese, and French • …your background knowledge of Latin America? • ….what did we just discuss that would influence the independence movements in Latin America