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Rise of ultra-nationalism and WW II

Explore the tumultuous period of rise of ultra-nationalism, economic hardships, and political shifts in 1920s-1940s Germany, leading to World War II with key events like the Reichstag fire, Kristallnacht, and German expansion. Dive into the Axis powers' actions, anti-Japanese sentiments, and the eventual Allied victory after the atomic bombings.

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Rise of ultra-nationalism and WW II

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  1. Rise of ultra-nationalism and WW II

  2. 1920s in Germany • The new democracy is saddled with admitting responsibility, giving up reparations and territory, and suffering inflation. • When Germany is unable to make payments, French occupy the Ruhr • German state prints more money to pay its bills

  3. German Marks needed to buyone US dollar: • 1919 April--12 • December--47 • 1921 November--263 • 1922 July--493  • December--7,000 • 1923 January--17,000 • July--53,000 • August--4,621,000  • October--25,260,000,000  • November--2,193,600,000,000  • December--4,200,000,000,000

  4. 1930’s--Depression and increase of nationalism • rise of militant nationalism--”fascism”--in Germany, Italy, and Japan

  5. In Germany • Depression hits especially hard • 1932 Hitler and Nazis claiming Germany had been “stabbed in the back” in WWI and after, gains about 1/3 of electorate • January 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor • February—responding to mysterious Reichstag fire, receives emergency powers, ending the democracy

  6. Burning of the Reichstag 1933 and Kristallnacht 1938

  7. German Expansion • Under Hitler, Germany rebuilds military • 1938 Germany annexes Austria, justified with bogus plebiscite • Then invades Czechoslovakia • France and England do nothing--for “peace in our time”

  8. World War II begins • Hitler-Stalin Pact allows partition of Poland between Soviet Union and Germany • 1939 they invade, and Britain and France declare war • 1940 Germany occupies France • 1941 Germany attacks Soviet Union • months later, Japan attacks at Pearl Harbor

  9. In the East • since 1910 Japan had colonized Korea • 1931 Japan occupied Manchuria • 1937 Japan invades China proper

  10. “Asian holocaust” • the rape of Nanking • unit 731--American cover-up • “comfort women” • Induced famine in Vietnam and Indonesia

  11. Continuing anti-Japanese sentiment in China

  12. Axis powers--Germany, Italy, JapanAllies--Britain, France, then Soviet Union, and United States

  13. 1945 Allies victorious in Europe, then Japan • Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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