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Wave Properties

Wave Properties. Definition of Terms. Medium: Material through which a disturbance travels. Wave: Motion of a disturbance through a medium. Pulse Wave (Shock wave): The disturbance occurs only once. Periodic Wave: The disturbance is some form of periodic motion.

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Wave Properties

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  1. Wave Properties

  2. Definition of Terms • Medium: Material through which a disturbance travels. • Wave: Motion of a disturbance through a medium. • Pulse Wave (Shock wave): The disturbance occurs only once. • Periodic Wave: The disturbance is some form of periodic motion. • Sine wave: Periodic wave produced as a result of simple harmonic motion.

  3. Transverse Waves • A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion.(Ex: water waves, light waves, waves in strings)

  4. Wavelength () • Distance between two adjacent similar points of a wave.

  5. Longitudinal wave (pressure wave) • A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion. (Ex: sound waves)

  6. Period, Frequency, and Energy • Period (T): Time for a wave to move a distance of one wavelength. • Frequency (f): Number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time. • Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transferring matter. The amplitude of a wave determines the amount of energy transferred. (E  A2)

  7. Speed of a Wave v = x / t If t = T, then x = , so v =  / T Since f = 1/T, v = f  • f = frequency (Hz) •  = wavelength (m) • v = speed (m/s)

  8. Given:λ = 4.0 m f = 16 Hz Find: v = ? v = λ f = 4.0 m (16 Hz) = 64 m/s Ex: What is the speed of a wave with a frequency of 16 Hz and a wavelength of 4.0 m?

  9. Interference • Occurs when two or more waves act simultaneously at the same point in a medium. • Superposition principle: The displacement of a point in a medium is the sum of the displacements caused by all of the waves acting at that point.

  10. Constructive Interference • Interference in which individual displacements on the same side of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave.

  11. Destructive Interference • Interference in which individual displacements on opposite sides of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave.

  12. Reflection • Occurs when a wave reaches the boundary between two different media. • Fixed-end Reflection: Reflected wave is inverted with respect to incident wave.

  13. Reflection • Free-end Reflection: Reflected wave is not inverted relative to incident wave.

  14. Standing Waves • Wave pattern that results when two waves with the same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere.

  15. Standing Waves • Node: Points on a standing wave that have no displacement. • The distance between two successive nodes is ½ λ • Antinode: Points on a standing wave that have maximum displacement. • The distance between two successive antinodes is ½ λ • Only certain wavelengths can produce standing waves in a given material. L = (n/2) λ • n = number of antinodes

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