1 / 12

Chapter 2-Minerals

Chapter 2-Minerals. Element – substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. There are more than 112 – 92 natural, 20 man-made. Periodic Table – organizes elements by properties. Atomic Number = # of protons = # of electrons Atomic Mass = # of protons + #neutrons

gladis
Download Presentation

Chapter 2-Minerals

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2-Minerals Element – substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. There are more than 112 – 92 natural, 20 man-made. Periodic Table – organizes elements by properties. Atomic Number = # of protons = # of electrons Atomic Mass = # of protons + #neutrons Isotope – atoms with the same # of protons, but different # of neutrons. Compound – substance that consists of 2 or more elements bound together.

  2. What defines a mineral?: 1. Homogeneous – made out of all of the same material. There are over 3000 known minerals. 2. Naturally occurring. 3. Always a solid. 4. Has a unique, chemical crystalline structure. 5. Inorganic 6. Crystal – shape

  3. How They Form: • Crystallization from magma. • Precipitation • Pressure and temperature • Hydrothermal solutions

  4. Properties of Minerals: • Color test (streak) • Hardness test – ability of a mineral to resist scratching. Moh’s Scale of Hardness is used for testing. • Specific gravity, density • Luster – metallic/non-metallic • Crystal form • Cleavage/fracture

  5. Special Properties: -HCl fizz test -flourescent -magnetic -odor ** All minerals can melt (including diamonds)!

  6. Types of Bonds: • Ionic – between positive and negative ions. Ion – atom that has gained or lost electrons. • Covalent – atoms share electrons. • Metallic – electrons are shared by metal ions.

  7. Gems are stones or other materials that have value. • Gems can be fashioned into jewelry. The use of stones in jewelry is known as art of lapidary. • The study of gems is called gemology.

  8. Opal

  9. Ruby

  10. Turquoise

  11. Diamond

  12. Garnet

More Related