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Minerals Chapter 3

Minerals Chapter 3. What is a Mineral?. It is a solid Has a crystalline structure It is inorganic Formed in nature Has a definite chemical composition. Elements. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means 115 known elements. Atom.

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Minerals Chapter 3

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  1. MineralsChapter 3

  2. What is a Mineral? • It is a solid • Has a crystalline structure • It is inorganic • Formed in nature • Has a definite chemical composition

  3. Elements • Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means • 115 known elements

  4. Atom • Smallest part of an element • Building block of all matter • All materials are made up of 1 or more elements

  5. Compounds • Substance made up of two or more elements that have chemically combined or bonded together • Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl) • 1 atom of Na, 1 atom of Cl • Table salt

  6. Crystalline Structure • Solid geometric forms of minerals that contain a repeating pattern of atoms

  7. Types of Minerals • Silicates • Contains combination of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) • Nonsilicates • Can contain Silicon or Oxygen but not both together

  8. Silicates • Make up 96% of the minerals in the Earth’s crust • Contain Silicon and Oxygen as well as other elements • Example: Feldspar • Si, O, Al, K, Na and Ca

  9. Nonsilicates • Native Elements • Composed of only one element • Carbonates • Carbon and Oxygen • Calcite CaCO3 • Halides • Fluorine, chlorine, iodine or bromine combine with Sodium, potassium or calcium

  10. Nonsilicates • Oxides • Any element plus oxygen • Magnetite = FeO • Sulfates • Sulfur plus Oxygen • Sulfides • One or more elements except Oxygen plus Sulfur

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