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Unification of Germany and Italy

Unification of Germany and Italy. Stirrings of Nationalism. Italian Peninsula had not been unified since fall of Roman Empire Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided into competing states, each with own government Napoleon invaded Italy United many states under one government

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Unification of Germany and Italy

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  1. Unification of Germany and Italy

  2. Stirrings of Nationalism Italian Peninsula had not been unified since fall of Roman Empire • Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided into competing states, each with own government • Napoleon invaded Italy • United many states under one government • Unification did not last • After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian states • Spirit of nationalism began to rise through Europe

  3. Italian Unification was a combination of diplomatic moves and wars orchestrated by Camillo Cavour the Prime Minister of Sardinia.

  4. Italian Unification Timeline 1860 – Garibaldi and the “Red Shirt” Land in Sicily 1859 – War With Austria, Italy gets Lombardy with help of Napoleon III 1866: 7 Weeks’ War, Italy sides with Prussia & receives Venice • 1861- Victor Emmanuel II • Proclaimed “King of Italy” • Cavour dies 1870 - Franco-Prussian War, Italy takes Rome ITALY UNIFIED 1871: Rome proclaimed capital of unified Italy Revolution of 1848 1852 – Cavour becomes Prime Minister of Sardinia

  5. Social, Economic Problems Poverty, Emigration Reforms • Strong regional differences led to lack of unity • Southern Italians resented being governed by Rome • Catholic Church did not recognize Italy as legitimate nation • Poverty serious problem, caused many to emigrate • 1880s, large numbers left Italy, many for Americas • Unemployment, rising taxes led to rioting, violence • Voting reform a major priority • 1870, only wealthiest Italian men could vote • By late 1800s most adult male taxpayers could vote Challenges After Unification In the years after unification, Italy faced many new challenges. Although politically unified, Italy had to deal with a number of social and economic problems.

  6. THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY

  7. Real Politik • How: unify all German states under Prussia • Machiavellian leader: Real Politik: realistic assessment of a nation’s needs and then fulfilling them. • Ends justify the means. Do what is necessary, not what is right or moral

  8. Path to Unification • ZOLLVEREIN • a customs union of German states that did not include Austria. • Removed tarrifs between German states • “Blood and Iron”

  9. Blood and Iron • Fights three wars to unify Germany Wins all three • Danish War • Austro Prussian War • Franco Prussian War the most important

  10. After Unification • Centralized Power • Militarism/military alliances • Encouragement of Industry • Persecution of Subject Nationalities • Germanization • Fought Catholics • Fought Socialists

  11. A Growing Economy • After the unification of Germany, it rose to be the Industrial giant of the Europe. • Germany’s chemical and electrical industries were beyond any other industries in the world. • Germany’s coal and iron resources resulted in massive growth of the economy. • A work force and rapidly growing population also aided in the development of the economy.

  12. Create a chart like this in your notebook and complete!

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