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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201). Freshwater species Marine species Selection of species. Lectures. Classification Freshwater fishes Selection of species Marine fishes Selection of site Culture methods. Scientific name. Clarias batrachus C. batrachus Clarias sp.

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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

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  1. PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE(AKU3201) Freshwater species Marine species Selection of species

  2. Lectures • Classification • Freshwater fishes • Selection of species • Marine fishes • Selection of site • Culture methods

  3. Scientific name • Clarias batrachus • C. batrachus • Clarias sp.

  4. Kingdom : Animalia • Phylum : Chordata • Class : Actinopterygii • Order : Perciformes • Family : Cichlidae • Genus : Oreochromis • Species : O. niloticus

  5. Sultan Fish • Leptobarbus hoevenii (Jelawat)

  6. Malayan Mahseer • Tor tambroides (Kelah)

  7. Walking catfish • Clarias batrachus (Keli bunga)

  8. TILAPIA

  9. Tilapia: aquatic chicken • Good growth • High fertility • Omnivorous – eat all • Cultivation at high density • Strong fish, resistant to handling • Good reputation to consumers

  10. Major constraint • Precocious – Mature early • Multiple breeding • Overpopulation & small fishes (stunting)-low economic value

  11. Solutions • Monosex tilapia- ALL MALE • Male size > Female • Use hormone to reverse the sex • Certain breeding techniques

  12. Tilapia Native to Africa & Middle East Classified into 3 genera: 1)Tilapia 2) Saratherodon 3) Oreochromis- best species of aquaculture According to breeding behaviour

  13. Mozambique Tilapia High potential for hybridization to have male tilapia

  14. Nile Tilapia

  15. Red tilapia • Cross between genetic mutant of Mozambique & Nile Tilapia

  16. GIFT Tilapia • Genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) • Tilapia selective breeding • Choosing and breeding parents with favorable traits • Offspring wide body conformation • Higher productivity, fast growth

  17. Striped catfish • Pangasius hypophtalmus (Patin buah)

  18. River Catfish (Native) • Mystus nemurus, Hemibagrus nemurus (Baung)

  19. Snakehead • Channa striata (Haruan)

  20. Marble goby • Oxyleotris marmoratus • (Ketutu, Ikan bodoh, ikan ubi) • Popular among chinese community, healing properties, fine texture, tasty white flesh

  21. Common carp • Cyprinus carpio (Lee Koh)

  22. Invasive species • Non-native (or alien)to the ecosystem

  23. Silver carp • Hypothalmichthys molitrix (Kap perak)

  24. Bighead carp Hypophtalmichtys nobilis (Kap Kepala Besar)

  25. Grass carp • Ctenopharyngodon idella (Kap rumput)

  26. Javanese carp Puntius gonionotus (Lampam Jawa)

  27. Climbing perch • Anabastestudineus (Puyu) • Labyrinth organ : accessory breathing organ – used for respiration in air • Allow to take oxygen directly from the air

  28. Giant Gourami Osphronemus goramy (Kalui)

  29. Selection of Species • Fast growth (Early maturation, high fecundity) • Short food chain • Efficient conversion of food • Can accept compounded feed • Disease resistance • Ease of breeding in captivity • Able to tolerate wide range of environmental parameter

  30. Migration of fishes • Diadromous = Migrate between sea & freshwater 1) Anadromous = lives in the sea & migrate to fresh water to breed e.g., salmon 2) Catadromous = lives in freshwater & migrate to the sea e.g., eel

  31. Salmon • Fish return to the exact spot where they were born to spawn • Die within few days or weeks after spawning

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