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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201). POND CULTURE. Method of culture. POND CULTURE. Outline. Pond culture Types of ponds Pond construction Pond management Types of culture. POND. POND. POND = enclosed space shallow water u seful nutrients g ood physico-chemical parameters.

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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

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  1. PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE(AKU3201) POND CULTURE

  2. Method of culture • POND CULTURE

  3. Outline • Pond culture • Types of ponds • Pond construction • Pond management • Types of culture

  4. POND

  5. POND • POND = • enclosed space • shallow water • useful nutrients • good physico-chemical parameters

  6. POND CULTURE • POND CULTURE = • Cultivation of any aquatic organisms • Natural environment • Provide food in the captivity of pond area

  7. Types pond • 3 types: • Dug-out (excavated)pond • Embankment pond • Concrete pond • Combination pond

  8. 1) Dug-out pond • No pond engineering basis • Small • No commercial purpose • One pond/house • Excavated

  9. 2) Embankment pond • Fish pond with dikes around • Generally earthen ponds • Rectangular/square in shape • Most common type of aquaculture pond in Malaysia

  10. EARTHEN POND

  11. 3) Concrete pond • Ponds made of concrete or cement • Ground level / above ground level • Rectangular, square, circular • Advantages/ disadvantages

  12. Concrete pond

  13. 4) Combination ponds • Embankment + concrete ponds • Dikes covered by concrete/cement • Bottom is earthen

  14. Pond type • Nursery • Transition pond (Intermediate size animal) • Grow-out/Rearing pond • Treatment

  15. Typical pond structure

  16. POND CONSTRUCTION

  17. Pond construction • Land • Select the site (soil & water quality) • Prepare the site

  18. Pond construction • Clear land from all vegetation

  19. Water

  20. Dig pond & compact • Sheep foot roller • The soil can be stockpiled for dike

  21. Dike b) Height • 1- 1.5 m • Freeboard : 30 cm b) Width • > 1 m • Plant grass on dikes • Don’t use plants freeboard > 1m 1-1.5m 1:2-3 1 :1¼-2

  22. Pond bottom

  23. Pond bottom • Pond depth: 1.0m – 1.5m • Near inlet = 0.5-1.0m shallow end • Near outlet = Sloping 1.5 m at the drain end • Drain system – allow water to be removed by gravity

  24. Pond bottom

  25. Advantages of sloping bottom • Easy fish harvesting • Easy pond drainage • Easy pond drying

  26. Inlet & outlet pipe • Inlet & outlet – Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) • Individual inlet & outlet • Filter water entering & leaving ponds

  27. Water inlet system • Water pump – pumps water from a water source • Inlet pipe

  28. Water outlet system • Outlet pipe = removes water from the pond • T-pipe – maintains water level of the pond to avoid flooding

  29. Monk

  30. Monk • Control amount of water in & out of pond • Normally concrete

  31. Grooves to control the flow of water • Also to prevent the predators & escaping crops

  32. Monk • Concrete pipe with appropriate diameter

  33. Summary

  34. Pond management • Cleaning & drying • Liming • Fertilizing

  35. Pond drying • Flush pond with water to remove sediments • Dry the pond until the bottom cracks Advantages • Improve soil texture • Removal of undesirable metabolites e.g H2S • Elimination of predators, parasites & their eggs & unwanted macrophytes • Removal of excessive mud from pond bottom

  36. Excessive mud • Increase the height of pond bottom • Decrease depth

  37. Pond liming • Pond preparation for fertilization • Calcium oxide (CaO) = Quicklime • Calcium carbonate(CaCO3)= Limestone • Neutral-alkaline pH (7-8)

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