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State-Sponsored Religious Terrorism: Iran and Pakistan

Explore the phenomenon of state-sponsored religious terrorism in the modern era, focusing on cases of Iran and Pakistan. Analyze the motivations, methods, and consequences of these state-backed terrorist activities, examining their impact on regional and international security.

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State-Sponsored Religious Terrorism: Iran and Pakistan

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  1. Department of Criminal Justice California State University - Bakersfield CRJU 477 Terrorism Dr. Abu-Lughod, Reem Ali Religious Terrorism

  2. State-Sponsored Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era National Case: Iran • Case in Point: Iranian Support for Lebanon’s Hezbollah • Political relationship • Liberation of Jerusalem (Al Quds) • Hezbollah: southern Lebanon • Different religious groups: sunnis, shites, etc… • Case in Point: Iranian Support for Palestinian Islamists • Liberation of Palestinians and Palestinian organizations • Support from Iran. What type of support? • Fund for the Martyrs of Hamas

  3. Regional Case: Pakistan & India • Case in Point: The War in Jammu & Kashmir • Human rights violations • Islamic fighters • Mujahideen • Case in Point: The Golden Temple Massacre (and Aftermath) • Sikhism: what is it? • Centered in the Indian state of Punjab • Golden Temple: in Amritsar, Punjab • Support from Inter-Services Intelligence

  4. Dissident Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era Regional Case: Religious Zealotry in the Middle East • Sacred places: Jerusalem and the convergence of religions: Christianity, Islam and Judaism • The non-believers • Suicide bombers? It’s legitimacy • The Jews and Muslims in controversy Case in Point: The Grand Mosque Incident • Five pillars of Islam • 1979 during the Hajj, 300 radicals occupied the Grand Mosque in Mecca • U.S. and Israel blamed through Iranian media • Pakistanis attacking U.S. embassy killing 2 Americans Case in Point: The Hebron Mosque Massacre • February 25th 1994 NY born physician Baruch Goldstein • Hamas attacked back in response with suicide bombers

  5. Case in Point: The Rabin Assassination • 1995 Israeli Prime Minister assassinated by Yigal Amir • Jewish extremist acted out with the requirements of Halacha (Jewish code) • Demonology as a result of the act • Justification of killing at times of War Case in Point: Sectarian Violence in Iraq • The breakdown of different religious sects in Iraq • Religious celebrations: Ashura for example • Attack on non-Muslim cultural institutions • Power and allocation of resources • The ruling power

  6. Movement Case: The International Mujahideen-Holy Warriors for the Faith Mujahideen-Holy Warriors??? Jihadi Ideology Afghan Arabs Fundamentalism Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. occupation of Iraq, Israeli occupation of Gaza and the West bank Sacrifice in defense of the faith Organization Case: Al Qaeda’s Religious Foundation Osama bin Laden Loose network of like-minded Islamic revolutionaries Whey they operate Sectarian ideological point of view of bin Laden

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