Europe Transformed: The World at War 1914-1918

1. World War I (1914-1918) The Great War Europe Changes forever

2. Intro Video • Start at 39 minutes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRtdSoeYQYk

3. The Ism’s • The world had changed and influence had been put on three things • Imperialism • Militarism • Nationalism • M.A.I.N.S • Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism, Significant People

4. 1-Imperialism • The movement in the late 19th and early 20th century • To obtain land and expand your empire • European version of the Manifest destiny • Countries in Europe had laid claim to area’s all over the world

5. Imperialism and the Balance of Power

6. 1-Issues of Imperialism • When nations in Europe claimed their lands it often led to conflicts • Opposing colonizing forces would often fight one another • Boer War – occurred in South Africa between the Dutch and the English

7. 2-Militarism • An expanding German army caused other powers in Europe to take notice • An arms race began in Europe • Military power was to be shown through army size and new naval tech.

8. Navy power before and after Former War ships Dreadnought Class

9. 2-The Dreadnought • Germany threatened Britain's greatest claim –the strength of their navy • In response to this action, Britain devolved the Dreadnought –(made all other warships obsolete) • Britain's navy doubled, as did Germanys, as did France's and so on.

10. 2-Militarism • France’s, Germany’s, Britain's, Russia and other European nations standing armies doubled

11. 2- Secret alliances • The nation was entangled in alliances that were unknown to other countries • Often made to keep other countries from invading seized land • Scenario.. • Japanese-Russo war • Great Britain is an ally of both, who do they support?

12. 3-Nationalism • Nationalism is the idea that you must band together with people similar to you • The thought that your nation is greater than any other • Combined with militarism, this made tensions high in Europe

13. Alliance Systems. • Go back to 1860 • During American civil war the states of Prussia were waging war trying to unite the German Kingdoms • The succeeded in unifying Germany • Destroyed the balance of power in Europe • By 1871 had unified and had become one of the international powers

14. Alliance System • In 1870 German attacked France for territory • From this point on –Germany and France are enemies • To protect itself Germany signed a secret alliance treaty with.. • Italy • Austria-Hungary • The Three were known as the Triple Alliance

16. Alliance system • Triple alliance caused fear for Russia • How could Germany expand? • Both wanted influence in Southeast Europe • Why would this be important for Germany? Russia? • Russia opposed Austria-Hungary • Slav’s

17. Alliance System • As a result France and Russia signed • Franco-Russian Alliance • Why? • Due to the Common interest in opposing Germany and A.H.

18. Alliance System • G.B. Wanted to remain neutral • Naval Race • When Germany tried to equal G.B. navy the tensions increased • Refused to sign a formal alliance with Russian and France but had friendly understanding • “entente cordiale”

19. Triple Entente

20. The spark of War • Archduke of Austria-Hungary • Target of Serbian assassin group • “The black hand” • Was touring Bosnian Capital, Sarajevo Franz Ferdinand https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCTIaiiGB4o

21. Spark of war • The black hand was brought in to assassinate the archduke • It took place under the knowledge of Serbian Government • They had hoped that it would start a war • Hoped to bring down Austro-Hungarian empire

22. Spark of War • Austria-Hungary was angered by the assassination • They decided that Serbia had to be crushed to prevent a Slovak uprising • however

23. Spark of War • A.H. knew that if they attacked Serbia would declare war on A.H. • So they asked for Germany to back their cause --They agreed • A.H sent an ultimatum • List of demands • Austrian control in Serbia • Repayment • Etc…

24. Sparks of War • Germany had made it known that it was going to back A.H • Forced them into the war • Russia informed everyone that they were going to back Serbia • They asked for France’s aid • Fearing Germany, France agreed

25. The War Begins! • On August 1st 1914 Germany Declares war on Russia • Aug. 3rd Germany declares war on France • Aug. 4th Britain declares war on Germany • Aug. 6th A.H. declares war on Russia • Aug. 12th A.H. declares war on GB and France

26. Kaiser Wilhelm II • Leader of Germany during World War One

27. Von Schlieffen plan • Germany’s Ultimate Idea • Through a series of invasions they would blitz through France and Capture Paris in a matter of days • There were a few problems with the plan however • Russia had mobilized their army faster than Germany expected (had to remove troops from A. to B.)

28. Von Schlieffen Plan • German soldiers were to gather on the French German border and rush to Paris • The thought was eliminate France and focus on Russia • A quick defeat would keep Britain out of the war • The plan ultimately failed

30. What are problems with this plan?

31. World War One • As soon as Germany stepped foot in Belgium G.B. Declared war on Germany • The Allied Powers (Allies) were formed (GB, France, Russia, (Italy-1915)

32. Central Powers • Germany • A.H. • Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

33. Von Schlieffen plan fails • Although the plan seemed to work in the beginning, it was impossible for the northern soldiers to keep up with the southern ones • Got within 30 miles of Paris but was fought off • Now what were the armies to do? • They flanked and dug in

34. Napoleon tactics • Much Like the civil war, Europe still used the “old style of warfare” • The idea was to rush the opposition with full frontal attacks • Bad idea against machine guns • The two sides constantly tried to outflank one another

35. Race to the Sea • The constant flanking moved the war north • Multiple battles due to constant interaction • Lead to trench warfare

36. The Warfare • The strategy for war had now changed • Rather than frontal assaults, it had turned into trench warfare • Why?

37. Trench Warfare • The race to the sea showed the nations that the nature of war had changed • How? • They dug themselves into trenches • To avoid what?

38. A common Trench

39. Trenches • The sole purpose of a trench was it offered protection from • Explosives • Machine gun’s • Enemy line of vision • Poison gas?

44. Advantages of the Trench • It was very effective in protection • For days, months or even years • Effectively stopped enemy advances • Good communication lines, and ability to move from A to B

45. Negatives of the Trench • To effective at protection • Any advancement lead to massive amount of deaths • Were the trenches to effective? Or was it human error? • Disease • Pest’s • Filthy living conditions • Shell shock

46. Death Tolls • Huge numbers of troops would die as they tried to rush enemy trench • Constant barrage of bullets • Bodies were left in trenches

47. Pest and infestation • With the dead bodies left to rot, pests began to move into the trenches • Rats*** • Often they were hunted down as a source of food • Also for protection for the soldiers

49. Trench Foot • Condition in which someone’s foot is wet for too long. • The skin begins to blister, rot and eventually falls off • Swelling also occurs • If left untreated for too long, amputation is necessary

50. Louse • Small Parasite • Feeds on human blood