Essential and Guiding Questions for the Middle East Unit:

1. Essential and Guiding Questions for the Middle East Unit: • How has conflict affected the Middle East? • How does the culture of the Middle East impact the global community? • What are the core beliefs of Judaism, Christianity and Islam? • What events, figures, and processes have impacted the Middle East? • What issues currently affect the Middle East? • What factors influence the Middle East’s position in the global community? Theme(s)/focus: Conflict, Human Rights Violation, & Belief Systems. Do Now: • Dating back to the end of WWII, the Middle East & North Africa [the “Islamic world”] have both been in the news for a myriad (many/a lot) of reason. • Surrounding the state of the two aforementioned regions, what do you know about them and their current state/status? • In your notebooks students are asked to list and then briefly examine some of the news hailing out of the two regions &/or their basic knowledge, be it good or bad, it's totally up to students.

2. Are there any questions/comments surrounding? • Pol Pot • The Khmer Rouge • Cambodia • “Killing Fields”

3. Are there any questions/comments surrounding? • Pol Pot = radical political leader. He was a Communist, influenced by Mao Zedong & Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam. Followed the basic beliefs of Karl Marx. • The Khmer Rouge were a group of communistguerillas, led by Pol Pot, that gained control of Cambodia after the withdrawalof American troops from the Vietnam War.  Initiated a reign of terror • “Killing Fields” = over 2 million people were brutally killed indiscriminately – Women, Children, & men = Genocide. • Goal: Wanted to start from “Day Zero.” Rid Cambodia of ALL modernization, westernization, spies, and educrats– highly educated individuals. Wanted to stress traditionalism/farming. • I always refer to him as the Adolf Hitler of Cambodia.

4. Cambodian Genocide [1970s]

5. Regents Style Questions The political ideas of Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of (1) Confucius (2) Mohandas Gandhi (3) Desmond Tutu (4) Karl Marx

6. Regents Style Questions The political ideas of Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of (1) Confucius (2) Mohandas Gandhi (3) Desmond Tutu (4) Karl Marx

7. Pol Pot, the Khmer Rouge, the “killing fields,” and Year Zero are all associated with a violent period in which country? (1) Vietnam (2) China (3) Cambodia (4) Korea

8. Pol Pot, the Khmer Rouge, the “killing fields,” and Year Zero are all associated with a violent period in which country? (1) Vietnam (2) China (3) Cambodia (4) Korea

9. Base your answers to questions 46 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 46 Which letter identifies the peninsula that was the site of the Vietnam conflict and the atrocities of Pol Pot? A 3) C (2) B 4) D

10. Base your answers to questions 46 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 46 Which letter identifies the peninsula that was the site of the Vietnam conflict and the atrocities of Pol Pot? A 3) C (2) B 4) D

11. Pol Pot, Joseph Stalin, and Slobodan Milosevic were similar in that each leader supported actions that (1) modernized their economies (2) introduced democratic ideas (3) supported minority rights (4) violated human rights

12. Pol Pot, Joseph Stalin, and Slobodan Milosevic were similar in that each leader supported actions that (1) modernized their economies (2) introduced democratic ideas (3) supported minority rights (4) violated human rights

13. Which group is represented by the skulls in this 1996 cartoon? 1 Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War 1
2 dissidents in the Soviet Union during the 1930's
3 anti-Maoists in China during the 1960's
4 intellectuals in Cambodia during the 1970's

14. Which group is represented by the skulls in this 1996 cartoon? 1 Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War 1
2 dissidents in the Soviet Union during the 1930's
3 anti-Maoists in China during the 1960's
4 intellectuals in Cambodia during the 1970's

15. OPEC Questions The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is best known for its efforts to • develop workable alternatives to fossil fuels (2) bring Western oil technology to the Middle East (3) stop the export of oil to non-Arab nations (4) establish production quotas to control the price of oil.

16. OPEC Questions The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is best known for its efforts to • develop workable alternatives to fossil fuels (2) bring Western oil technology to the Middle East (3) stop the export of oil to non-Arab nations (4) establish production quotas to control the price of oil.

17. 47 Which conclusion is supported by the information provided on the map? Russia is very dependent on imported oil. (2) The United States exports little or no oil. (3) South America exports more oil than Africa does. (4) Most of the oil from the Middle East goes to Japan.

18. 47 Which conclusion is supported by the information provided on the map? Russia is very dependent on imported oil. (2) The United States exports little or no oil. (3) South America exports more oil than Africa does. (4) Most of the oil from the Middle East goes to Japan.

20. political influence in tropical regions (2) control of access to important religious sites (3) military control over strategic waterways (4) economic influence over industrialized nations

21. For further information surrounding Regents Style Questions – Check out [p. 15-17 of the June 2011 NYS Global Regents]: Students are asked to carefully peruse the June 2011 NYS Global Regents DBQ Section [Not mandatory – but a great resource to utilize along with various others]. Go to this website: http://nysedregents.org Then, look for the NYS Global section.

22. Monday, June 02, 2014 Assignment #1: Former United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali said, “The next war in the Near East [Middle East] will not be about politics, but over water.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Reflection Questions [discuss with your neighbors]: • A. How is water as or more precious than oil? Give examples of situations where this could be the case. • B. Where do you think wars would break out over water rights? Why?

23. Assignment #2: Carefully examine the map on the next page – pay close attention to the: Physical attributes/features • Terrain • Topography • Availability of water  plethora of other resources. • Yellow = Arid, dry, desert-like conditions… note that Sahara [largest desert in the world] extends to the region in question • Green represents water & vegetation.

25. Monday, June 02, 2014 • Reflection Question: Based upon the map, if war WERE TO BREAK OUT in the Middle East, what countries do you think would be the aggressors (the ones to start the war) and how would they attack/invade and why?

27. Geographical Transformation Palestine

28. Assignment #3: Carefully review the handout: Palestinian -Israeli Conflict

29. Palestinian and Israeli propaganda maps Israeli map lumping together Arab states; depicting tiny defenseless Israel Palestinian Map without Israel

30. Palestinians (in West Bank and Gaza Strip) Arab (ethnic) territoriality Palestinians are multireligious Muslims and Christians Ethnic nationalist movement, but some newer Muslim groups Israel Zionism: Jewish (religious) territoriality Israelis are multiethnic European, Middle Eastern, Newer Russian, Ethiopian immigrants Arab Israeli minority

31. Zionism - Theodore Herzl, 1896 British Palestine 1917- 48 Arab ethnic initial majority (90%) 1917, Balfour Declarationsupports Zionism; immigration begins 1936-39 The “Great Uprising” - first Arab protests as Jews increasingly Jewish religious minority grew rapidly in 1920-40s, especially during rise of Anti-semitism. British did not allow European Jewish immigration during WWII.

32. UN Partition Plan, 1948 • Jewish State (Israel) • Arab State (Palestine) • International Zone • (Jerusalem) • - never implemented The day after the state of Israel was declared in 1848 five Arab armies from Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq invaded but were repulsed and Israel took all of the U.N. designated lands plus much of Palestinian territory (see next slide). Jewish militia massacred scores of Palestinians. Moreover hundreds of thousands were displaced and have been refugees ever since.

34. Jerusalem West (Israeli); East (Arab) with Israeli settlements

35. Jerusalem: Holy City to Jews, Muslims, and Christians

36. Israeli Settlements and Palestinian towns in the West Bank, 2000 Israeli settlers see as historic Jewish homeland Palestinians compare illegal settlements to Apartheid

37. Palestinian Autonomy, 2000 Gradual turnover of Israeli- Occupied areas to Palestinians for “Two-State Solution” Plan collapsing as killings increase Second Intifada since Sept. 2000 Israeli Defense Force reoccupies West Bank and Gaza

38. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 1970s Unable to win support in U.N.; Palestinians turned to terrrorism. 1972 Munich Olympics, 11 Israeli athletes killed by PLO operatives 1974 Yasser Arafat speaks to U.N. "Today I have come bearing an olive branch and a freedom fighter's gun. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand." Financial support for many years came from surrounding Arab nations and the U.S.S.R. 1992 PLO (Arafat) and Israel (Yitzhak Rabin) formally acknowledge one another as part of the Oslo Accord talks with Clinton. Splinter Groups: Hamas, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, Hezbollah 2005 Arafat dies. 2006 Hamas wins substantial portion of Palestinian vote.

39. Key Israeli Figures David Ben Gurion - Zionist founder/victor in 1948 Yitzhak Rabin (74-77; 92-95) - recognized PLO; killed by Israeli radical after making peace overtures. Menachem Begin (78-83) - Camp David Accord; peace with Egypt. Sadat killed by extremists in 1981. Ehud Barak - aggressive Labor party peacemaker; lost power to right wing Sharon during violence of Second Intifada Ariel Sharon - current prime minister; Likud Party right winger considered war criminal by many for his role is slaughter in Lebannon; in coma after stroke of early 2006. (Ehud Olmert takes over role.)

40. Palestinian Land Right of Return End to Settlements Water Rights Economics Self-determination End of Occupation Access to Jerusalem Israeli Land Security Access to Jerusalem Right to exist Main Issues

41. Palestinian Pop: 3,500,000 Migration: 2.1/1000 Infant mortality: 26/1000 Fertility rate: 6.55 Life expectancy: 70.8 GDP per capita: $625 GDP growth rate: - 35% Religions:Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6% Israeli Pop: 6,000,000 Migration: 1/1000 Infant Mortality: 6.55/1000 Fertility rate: 2.54 Life Expectancy: 78.8 GDP per capita: $19,000 GDP growth rate: -1% Religions:Jewish 80.1%, Muslim 14.6% (mostly Sunni Muslim), Christian 2.1%, other 3.2% (1996 est.) Demographic Data

42. In connection to the PPT review/handout, what assessments can be made surrounding Middle Eastern Conflicts, especially those surrounding the “Fertile Crescent”? Discuss amongst tablemates – afterwards, we will conduct a class discussion.

43. Assignment #4 1. Utilize the textbook, the handout and your HW in order to complete the listed graphic organizer.