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18 Days to Democracy. Egypt January 25 to February 11, 2011. Tuesday, January 25. Police Day in Egypt 20 to 30,000 people take to streets to protest What they want: political freedom and economic reform 3 killed. Wednesday, January 26. Egypt’s security forces pick up 100s of activists
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18 Days to Democracy Egypt January 25 to February 11, 2011
Tuesday, January 25 • Police Day in Egypt • 20 to 30,000 people take to streets to protest • What they want: political freedom and economic reform • 3 killed
Wednesday, January 26 • Egypt’s security forces pick up 100s of activists • Included: WaelGhonim, a Google executive who was credited with bringing the protests to fruition with Internet-based protest movement • Research Idea – What was the impact of social networking and the internet on the events in Egypt? • People are still protesting in Cairo, Alexandria and Suez
Thursday, January 27 • Safwat El-Sherif, secretary-general of the ruling NDP party welcomes dialogue but at same time denounces protestors saying “the minority does not force its will on the majority” • Muslim Brotherhood announce they will participate in planned “Day of Rage” • Research Idea – What is the Muslim Brotherhood?
Friday, January 28 • Tens of thousands of protesters clash with well organized security forces in Cairo • Protesters charge without violence – no rocks, no violence; just shouting • Repeatedly beaten back by batons and tear gas • Finally police wall opens and protesters cross the Nile • Army called in; police leave • Protesters joined by roughnecks – set fires • Curfew introduced • Did the army’s arrival mark the end of Mubarak? • Research suggestion – Who is Hosni Mubarak? • Cell phone and internet service cut
Sunday, January 30 • Rallies in Tahrir Square by day • Looting at night • Vigilante groups are out in force • Civilians arm themselves • Mubarak announces return of police to streets • Appoints Omar Suleiman as Vice President • Research idea – who is Omar Suleiman? • Protesters do not back down and are growing in numbers and strength
Monday, January 31 • Suleiman announces he has been charged with talking with opposition groups concerning demands • Protesters unimpressed • Army announces it will do nothing to stop the planned march • Army also says that protesters’ demands are legitimate
Tuesday, February 1 • Mubarak announces on TV that he will not seek re-election • Says he will use few months left until September election to help with transition of new leader • Protesters unimpressed • They want his immediate resignation
Wednesday, February 2 • Pro-Mubarak rallies spring up • Paid-for thugs force their way into Tahir Square and beat up protesters • Army does nothing • Sheer numbers of protesters force mercenaries back • Reported that 3 more protesters die • Muslim Brotherhood reported to be becoming more prominent
Thursday, February 3 • Suleiman and Mubarak meet with Egyptian and foreign journalists • Secret police and army carry out wave of detentions and beatings (including foreign journalists) • At same time, state prosecutor announces corruption investigations of former officials • Suleiman invites Muslim Brother to join in talks • Why is this significant?
Sunday, February 6 • Cairo is beginning to return to normal • Shops open, traffic resumes • Suleiman continues talks with Muslim Brotherhood • Leading businessmen included in talks
Tuesday, February 8 • Suleiman announces concessions • Judicial committee – constitutional reform • Hundreds of thousands go to Tahir Square to demand ouster of Mubarak • Many came because of tearful interview of WaelGhonim who was released from custody • He had been blindfolded and incommunicado during his 12-day incarceration and had no idea of what his Internet protest had created
Wednesday, February 9 • Thousands of Egyptians launch strikes and protests around the country • War of words between Washington and Cairo has worsened • Fears of military takeover
Thursday, February 10 • Defiant – Mubarak says he will stay • Says he will hand over some of his powers to the Vice President • Protesters express their anger but again without violence and destruction
Friday, February 11 • Large and peaceful protests are held in Tahir Square up to the presidential palace • Suleimen announces that Mubarak will surrender • Hands over all his powers to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces • What is next for Egypt? • Who will take control? • It was peaceful – will it remain peaceful?