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VARIABLES RELATED TO ARTICULATION AND PHONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE. I. INTRODUCTION. There are a number of variables associated with speech sound acquisition. Research: can only demonstrate correlation, not cause-and-effect-relationships. II. ENVIRONMENT.
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VARIABLES RELATED TO ARTICULATION AND PHONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE
I. INTRODUCTION • There are a number of variables associated with speech sound acquisition. • Research: can only demonstrate correlation, not cause-and-effect-relationships.
IV. LANGUAGE SKILLS • Many children have problems with BOTH language and articulation/phonology
Phonological awareness problems may also exist • Hodson et. al. August 2002 American Journal of Speech Language Pathology:
Peterson et al, 10/09 Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
V. TONGUE THRUST • A. Introduction
Your text page 221 says: • “Treatment for tongue thrust is not provided in many public schools unless there is also an accompanying articulation disorder.”
VI. SENSORY VARIABLES • A. Oral Sensation • Looked at oral stereognosis or form recognition • B. Hearing Loss
Problems found in children with significant hearing loss: (p 213):
VII. ANATOMIC, NEUROLOGIC, AND PHYSIOLOGIC FACTORS • A. Anatomic Structures • 1.
3. Hard palate • 4. Teeth — there may be extra or supernumerary teeth (or Class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion; p. 206; please know for Test 2) • 5. Lips • 6. Tongue
B. Neurological Factors • 1. Dysarthria