Launching a New Nation

1. Launching a New Nation vs

2. Journal – Washington’s To Do List Create a To Do List of at Least 8 things Washington might need to do. Use these categories Foreign Affairs Domestic Affairs Job Appointments Letters / Communication Projects As the first president, Washington had a huge responsibility of doing things right.

3. First Presidency • Challenged with making the • new written government • (Constitution) come alive G. Washington was elected the 1st President. • How would he set a • precedence as the first ? • Why is this important?

4. p. 183 I. Establishing a New GovernmentA. Judiciary Act of 1789- created the judicial structure - set up Supreme Court B. Washington develops Executive branch- no specific guidelines - First Cabinet establishedHamilton - Sec of Treasury Jefferson - Sec of State Henry Knox - Sec of War Edmond Rudolph - Attorney General* Was it Constitutional??

5. Strict vs. Loose Interpretation • Strict Constructionist - believe you do only what is specifically stated • Loose Constructionist - believe you can read between the lines (IMPLIED) Black or White Jefferson and Madison Grey area Hamilton

6. II. The U.S. Debt and Bank Debate A. Debts ~ biggest problem facing nation ~ debts from revolution ~ lack of federal taxes B. Hamilton’s Plan –domestic policy - to stabilize U.S. finances - Washington D.C. (becomes capital) - Protective tariff~ high tax on imports~ Purpose? Consumers purchase American / domestic goods

7. p. 186 Plan cont…..- excise tax / Whiskey Rebellion ~ tax whiskey for revenue (Hamilton) ~ turn corn into whiskey / transport (Jefferson) ~ result: rebellion (1st challenge to new gov’t)*Compare/Contrast Shays' v. Whiskey Rebellions- Bank of the U.S. established ~ help economic growth ~ lending institute* Was it Constitutional??

8. p. 185 C. Debate over the Bank1. Hamilton’s view~ necessary & proper clause / Elastic ~ IMPLIED powers ~ loose constructionist 2.Jefferson’s view~ strict constructionist ~ opposed bank ~ bank unconstitutional * What does this show ? ~ begins to reveal political differences

9. Hamilton Jefferson Cartoon

10. III. French Revolution –foreign policy A. Hamilton’s position - opposed~ turned radical ~ Radical French declaring war on GB ~ U.S. finances unstable ~ Hamilton backed GB B. Jefferson’s position - support~ based on republican rule ~ they helped us in our rev. ~ signed a treaty of alliance in 1778 C. Neutrality~ Washington (remain Neutral) ~ not in new nations best interest to take sides p. 191

11. IV. Rise of Political Parties A. Hamilton v. Jefferson ~ Conflicts lead to the establishment of Political Parties - Jefferson followers: Democrat -Republicans - Hamilton followers: Federalist B. Areas of conflict~ over the Bank of the U.S. ~ U.S. involvement in the Fr. Revolution ~ power & size of the national gov’t ~ differences in commerce/industry & agriculture C. G. Washington’s opinion - against p. 184,185, 191 Chart

12. Foreign Affairs Issues (disagreements) ~ Citizen Genet p. 191 ~ Jay Treaty p. 194 ~ XYZ Affairs p. 195 * lead to Alien & Sedition Acts Disagreements between the political parties Reading Guide

13. they supported the Dem.–Rep party VI. Alien and Sedition Acts (p. 195)A.passed by Adam’s Administration (Federalist) B. Anti-Immigrant feeling grew for Federalist * Why??? C. RESULT: Federalist passed Acts stating:1. Change citizenship requirement 5 to 14 years. 2. President could deport any undesirable aliens. 3. Jail term for those who said anything malicious against government. * Can They Do That ?* What do these violate? 1st Amend.

14. D. Effect of Alien & Sedition Acts 1.Many Democ-Rep jailed (newspaper writers, publishers, reporters) 2. Outraged Demo-Republicans - many followers were foreigners 3. Idea of nullification surfaces - VA & KY Resolution Is this constitutional? p. 195 “Raising Cain”, 1798

15. * Candidates running for President FederalistDemoc. - Republicans * Adams * Jefferson Hamilton * Burr(uses influence to break tie) p. 197 / 198

16. p. 197 VII. Political Party Influence A. Election of 1800 - Adams the incumbent (one in office) - Candidates: Jefferson, Adams & Burr B. Election Result: - TIE vote for Republican candidates * House of Rep. breaks it - 12th Amendment * vote for Pres. & VP together Example of …. Elastic Clause

17. Review • Identify the differences between the Democrat-Republicans and the Federalist? • Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts questionable? • Why was the Election of 1800 significant? • What did the 12th Amendment change?

18. C. Judiciary Act of 1801- passed by Adams and Federalist- increased the # of Federal judges - Adams appoints Federalist judges at last min. before leaving office (called Midnight Judges) * What is this trying to do? p. 199

19. Marbury v. Madison Case p. 206 • Who were the Midnight Judges? • Who appointed the Midnight Judges? • Why did Marbury sue Madison? • What was the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court ruling? • Who did this appear to be a victory for? • What is judicial review?  • Why does this case matter? • What did this show about the Supreme Court’s power? • Identify 2 historical impacts from this case.

20. p. 199 & 206 • - Marbury v. Madison case • * Marbury – judge appointed * Madison – Sec. of State under Jefferson * Marbury sues Madison for not giving him the judge • appointment • Decision: Chief Justice Marshall decided that the constitution did not give the Supreme Ct. power to issue such orders. • * Was it constitutional ?? • Outcome: Judicial Review – the Supreme Court has the power to decide constitutional or • unconstitutional (1st time used) Example of .. Checks and Balances

21. Review • Why did President Adams increase the number of Federal judges? • Who was Marbury? Madison? • What was the underlying issue? • How does judicial review relate to Checks and Balance?

22. p. 198 VIII. Jefferson’s RepublicA. Repeals Federalist Programs~ reduced size of Federal gov’t ~ Congress repeal the Alien & Sedition Acts ~ cut back Hamilton's financial program ~ decreased the national bank's influence ~ reduced military* What does this show? B. Louisiana Purchase - What was the irony?* think about: interpretation of constitution big v. small gov’t* Was it constitutional ??

23. L & L workbook p. 18 http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie2.html

24. IX. War of 1812A. conflicts with British ~ never accepted our independence ~ violated U.S. rights at sea ~ impressments of U.S. sailors B. 2nd war for Independence

25. Link and Learn • Pages 6 (B.U.S 1) 10 (Whiskey Rebellion) 12 (President’s Cabinet, Louisiana Purchase) 13 (Marbury v. Madison) 15 (During the 1790’s) 16 (War of 1812) 18 (Alien & Sedition Act)