Physical Science Final Review

1. Physical Science Final Review Mrs. Daneshmand

2. A balanced chemical equation shows • A. the products of a reaction • B. elements created by a reaction • C. phase changes taking place during a reaction • D. the number of molecules involved in a reaction • Answer is A

3. When an electric current is passed through water (H2O) using a specific apparatus, hydrogen (H2) and Oxygen (O2) gases form. How can this reaction be shown in a chemical equation? • Answer is B

4. Examine each of these chemical equations to determine which equation is correctly balanced. • Answer is B

5. Students put a balloon on top of a bottle of water. The students placed the bottle in a container of very hot water and the balloon began to expand, as shown. • Why did the balloon expand? • A. all of the water evaporated to form a gas • B. the gas in the bottle expanded as it became warmer • C. some of the gas in the bottle condensed to liquid water • D. the water expanded into the balloon as it became warmer. • Answer is B

6. An unknown substance with a mass of 56.5 grams is placed in a graduated cylinder. • What is the identity of the unknown substance? • A. aluminum • B. gold • C. iron • D. lead • Answer is D

7. During a laboratory investigation, students determined a large block of iron to have a density of 7.75 g/mL. If the block were to be cut in half, what would be the density of the smaller block? • A. 7.75 g/mL • B. 15.5 g/mL • C. 3.88 g/mL • D. 5.58 g/mL • Answer is A

8. Which is an example of a chemical change? • A. heating a block of ice to form liquid water • B. heating a tungsten wire until it flows brightly • C. adding sugar crystals to water to form a clear, colorless liquid • D. passing an electric current through water to form hydrogen and oxygen • Answer is D

9. John and Lisa collected a sample of ocean water and placed it in a jar. Within a couple of days, the water had evaporated and salt was visible at the bottom of the jar. This is an example of • A. physical change • B. chemical change • C. solute being dissolved • D. new substance being formed • Answer is A

10. An increased concentration of what ion characterizes a solution of a base in water? • A. hydrogen ion • B. hydronium ion • C. hydroxide ion • D. hydrochloride ion • Answer is C

11. The periodic table has changed over time as new elements have been added to it. Which is the most likely reason scientists update the periodic table? • A. scientists rename old elements • B. scientists discover new elements • C. stars produce new elements that travel to Earth • D. past mistakes are corrected in identifying elements • Answer is B

12. Which group on the periodic table contains elements that are least reactive? • A. group 1 • B. group 3 • C. group 16 • D. group 18 • Answer is D

13. Copper and gold have similar reactive properties. On the Periodic Table of the Elements, these elements are most likely to • A. be in the same group • B. be in the same period • C. have nearly the same mass • D. have the same number of protons • Answer is A

14. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine were grouped together in the earliest forms of the periodic table, including the table developed by Mendeleev. • What was an organizing principle in this grouping at that time? • A. atoms of the three elements had approximately the same mass. • B. the three elements react the same way with other elements. • C. the elements have the same number of valence electrons • D. these three elements are all gases at room temperature • Answer is B

15. Temperature is a measure of which types of energy? • A. chemical • B. mechanical • C. potential • D. kinetic • Answer is D

16. When a car engine is started, gasoline is mixed with air and burned. Heat, sound, and chemical products are released. • As the engine operates, which of these remains constant? • A. the masses of compounds found in the engine • B. the amount of heat in the engine • C. The total mass of gasoline • D. The total amount of energy • Answer is D

17. All of these elements are metal except • A. gold • B. helium • C. sodium • D. aluminum • Answer is B

18. Neon, argon, and krypton are in the same column on the Periodic Table of the Elements. • What characteristic do these elements have in common? • A. atomic mass • B. negative electrical charge • C. number of neutrons • D. full valence electron shells • Answer is D

19. Which characteristic is common to most metals? • A. they tend to form covalent bonds with other elements • B. they have one, two, or three valance electrons • C. they have low melting and boiling points • D. they tend to form negative ions • Answer is B

20. Traveling in opposite directions, buses A and B are passing each other at the relative speed of 15 km/h, while Andres on bus A walks toward the back of the bus at the speed of 5 km/h. What is the velocity of the Andres on bus A relative to bus B? • A. 10 km/h in the direction of bus A • B. 20 km/h in the direction of bus B • C. 15 km/h in the direction of bus A • D. 10 km/h in the direction of bus B • Answer is: A

21. A train travels around a track at 100 miles per hour, four observers describe the motion of the same train. • Observer’s Descriptions • 1 Train is moving to the right at 100mph • 2 Train is moving to the left at 100mph • 3 Train is moving away from him at 100mph • 4 Train is moving towards him at 100mph • What reason best explains the differences in observers’ descriptions? • A. they are each observing a different train • B. they are observing from different locations • C. some observers have seats that are closer to the trains. • D. some observers are moving while others are standing still. • Answer is: B

22. Student 1 rides in a moving car and observes a bus traveling east. She estimates that it is traveling at a rate of 20 kilometers per hour (km/h). Student 2 is standing on the sidewalk and observes the same bus at the same time. She estimates that it is moving east at a rate of 50 km/h. • Which best explain this difference? • A. velocity varies with the compass direction of motion • B. measurement error causes multiple observations of motion to conflict • C. all motion is relative to the frame of reference chosen for measurement • D. acceleration and velocity have different values because they are different measure of motion. • Answer: C

23. Certain elements with similar chemical and physical properties are found in the same column in the Periodic Table of the Elements. These chemicals • A. are in the same period • B. are in the same family • C. have the same number of electrons • D. have the same atomic mass number • Answer is B

24. The early periodic table organized the elements in periods of increasing atomic mass. What information helped determine the break from one period to the next? • A. number of valence electrons • B. chemical properties • C. atomic number • D. ionic radius • Answer is B

25. The drawing represents two cars as seen from above. • Both cars are traveling at 55mph in the same direction. How would the relative motion of car A appear to a person traveling in car B? • A. not moving • B. moving faster • C. moving slower • D. going backwards • Answer is A

26. A forklift lifts 5 boxes from the ground to a height of 2 meters (m). The boxes push down with a force of 1000 newtons (N). • How much work was done by the forklift to lift the boxes? • A. 200 J • B. 500 J • C. 2000 J • D. 10,000 J • Answer is C

27. Which part of a sound wave measures loudness? • A. wavelength • B. magnitude • C. amplitude • D. frequency • Answer is C

28. Two waves travel at the same speed. The frequency of wave A is 1000 Hz, and the frequency of wave B is 4000 Hz. Wavelength A is • A. one-quarter the length of wavelength B • B. one-half the length of wavelength B • C. equal to the length of wavelength B • D. four times the length of wavelength B • Answer is D

29. While on the launch pad, the space shuttle rocket boosters and external fuel tank hold about 3.79 x 10 (to the power of 6) pounds of fuel. This amount of fuel is necessary to propel the space shuttle into an orbit 300 km about Earth. • In order to escape the gravity at the surface of Earth, the chemical energy is converted to which type of energy? • A. kinetic • B. nuclear • C. electrical • D. geothermal • Answer is A

30. The force of gravity would be greatest between which of the following? • A. two cars two meters apart • B. two bricks two meters apart • C. a brick a car one meter apart • D. a brick and a pencil two meters apart • Answer is A

31. John fills a plastic bowl with water and puts it in a freezer. After an hour, he finds that a layer of ice has formed on the water. • Which best explains why the ice formed? • A. the mass of the water changed • B. energy was released from the water • C. a chemical reaction occurred at the surface of the water • D. molecules were exchanged between the environment and the water • Answer is B

32. The diagram of a block is shown below. • If placed on a table, what is the net normal force of the block? • A. 3 N • B. 4 N • C. 6 N • D. 8 N • Answer is B

33. The diagram shows a ball traveling around a pivot point. • Which property of the ball is constant? • A. speed • B. acceleration • C. direction • D. momentum • Answer is A

34. Stacey sits in a rolling chair. She throws a heavy ball and rolls backward.

35. When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium? • A. particles travel from right to left along the wave • B. particles travel from left to right along the wave • C. particles move back and forth parallel to the wave • D. particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave • Answer is D