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Ch 5, Sec 4 Genes, DNA, & Proteins

http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=suN-sV0cT6c http:// www.dnalc.org/view/15501-Translation-RNA-to-protein-3D-animation-with-basic-narration.html. Ch 5, Sec 4 Genes, DNA, & Proteins. The main function of genes - control production of proteins in cells DNA contains 4 nitrogen bases

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Ch 5, Sec 4 Genes, DNA, & Proteins

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  1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suN-sV0cT6c http://www.dnalc.org/view/15501-Translation-RNA-to-protein-3D-animation-with-basic-narration.html Ch 5, Sec 4 Genes, DNA, & Proteins

  2. The main function of genes - control production of proteins in cells DNA contains 4 nitrogen bases - thymine - adenine - guanine - cytosine Single gene on chromosome contains from several hundred to a million or more base pairs Each gene is located at specific place on chromosome

  3. *The order of the nitrogen bases creates a genetic code that is specific for what protein will be made Proteins are long-chain molecules made of individual amino acids A group of 3 DNA bases code for one specific amino acid

  4. Chromosomes & DNA

  5. How cells make proteins - * During protein synthesis, cell uses info from gene to make a specific protein - protein synth. takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm - So how does the info get from the inside of the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell? - Messenger RNA makes a copy of the DNA inside the nucleus, and carries it out to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

  6. - Transfer RNA grabs the amino acids and adds them to the growing protein on the ribosome Translating the code 1. DNA molecule unzipped, base pair of RNA strand is made CAT AAG TCTDNA GUA UUC ACARNA (No Thymine) 2. Messenger RNA leaves nucleus, enters cytoplasm, attaches to ribosome

  7. 3. As ribosome is reading the code from messenger RNA, transfer RNA brings in the matching amino acid and the protein is built 4. The protein chain grows as the transfer RNA brings in the amino acid. Once complete it is folded and taken where needed in the cell Mutation (latin origin – “change”) - change in a gene or chromosome - *can cause cell to produce incorrect protein during synthesis; causing organism’s traits or phenotype to be different - if occurs in body cell, not passed on to offspring - if occurs in sex cell, can be passed to offspring

  8. Types of Mutations - during DNA replication, base may be substituted for another, or section removed - during meiosis when chromosomes don’t separate correctly, extra segments of chromosomes in cell Effects of Mutations - harmful; if it reduces organism’s chance for survival & reproduction - sometimes can be helpful; improve organism’s chance of survival Would a mutation in bacteria improving it’s ability to survive & reproduce be good or bad? Why?

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