Welcome to Shark Solutions Group

1. Welcome to Shark Solutions Group

3. Shark Solutions; leading supplier of advanced PVB raw materials • Shark Solutions A/S is a Danish based innovative cleantech market leader in recycling post-consumer laminated PVB (PolyVinyl Bytural) and glass from windshields and laminated architectural/building glass. • Our main business is operating PVB recycling factories in Europe and (soon) USA, where we manufacture PVB for many industrial applications, which is then sold worldwide.

4. Plastic products Paint, primers & coatings Solar Cells Carpet Backing So, what can damaged windshields be transformed into? Let us help you build PVB into your products!

5. Shark Solutions; leading supplier of advanced PVB raw materials Recycled PVB… • What can PVB be used for? • Where does PVB come from? • Which type raw materials are available from recycled PVB? • Characteristics about Shark’s post consumer PVB! • Can I count on quality consistency?

6. Windshields are considered “Laminated Glass”. A thin transparent layer of PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) adhesive thermoplastic is sandwiched between two sheets of glass. The PVB holds the glass together in an accident. PVB adhesive is what makes recycling windshields difficult. Lamination of glass with PVB is required in windshields (since 1930…) for safety. Use of laminated glass in cars is growing globally as a result of increasing applications to reduce sound in side windows and rear windows. Laminated glass is also widely used in buiding glass for safely, sound reduction and UV protection. About 50% of recycled laminated glass comes from building industry! Function and history of laminated glass!

7. What IS PVB (PolyVinyl Butyral) • Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin usually used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility. It is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde. Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) was pioneered by Solutia as the key ingredient for automotive safety glass interlayers. • Generic (virgin) applications include: • Laminated glass for automotive and architectural applications – and for solar modules • Coating for lumber, metals, concrete and many other surfaces • Binder for inks, paints and coatings • Binders and adhesives for metals, glass and many other materials • As a recycled product PVB can be used to substitute many other types of resins / additives for increased toughness and flexibility. • Shark Solutions is using a recycled raw material • not expensive and volatile virgin raw materials • recycled PVB competes with e.g. PVC compounds and many other raw materials; much cheaper than virgin PVB. 7

8. The Shark Solutions Program helps keep our planet clean & saves resources for future generations

9. PVB Characteristics & Values • PVB Resin • strong binder • optical clarity as virgin • adhesion to various surfaces • extreme toughness and flexibility • water and corrosion resistance • UV resistance • sound absorbing • Some “memory” in this nature • Recycled PVB is plasticized • Reduce VOC’s, no Chlorine or Phthalates

10. Crushed Glass Cullet Recycled PVB Flakes Laminated Glass Separated into Cullet & PVB Clean Flakes

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12. PVB Pellets PVB Film PVB Dispersion (liquid) Shark Solutions Advanced Recycled PVB Products – ready-to-use as raw materials

13. ”Characteristics” about Shark’s Recycled PVB Recycled Shark Solutions PVB raw material characteristics: • Recycled PVB is two to three parts of resin and one part plasticizer • Shark Solutions developed a patentable industrialized and sophisticated technology to ”clean” the PVB from impurities of glass, rubber, silicone, and other contamination which will always be present in small amounts. • Shark PVB quality is continually improving and based on application requirements. • Process parameters, repeat lab testing and 3rd party outside labs are used to qualify, monitor and control within tight specifications. • Current specification PVB dispersion • filtered removing any contamination >200 microns • average d50 PVB particle size <0,15 microns (SharkDispersionMW)

14. Comparison between virgin grade of PVB, PVC and recycled PVC & PVB Carbon footprint

15. Water based PVB dispersion for applications as • Co-binder in water • borne paints and coatings • Peelable coating & • Primers (e.g. dust control) Products & Services

16. PVB dispersion offers advantages and can be used as a co-binder along with other binders. • Works with Acrylic, Styrene Acrylic emulsions, PVA emulsions, Epoxy Acrylics and generally the compatibility is excellent. • Generally as a good starting point we recommend to replace 10-30 % of current binder – solids to solids. Most likely you should be able to save part of or all of the film forming agents when Shark dispersion is used as a co-binder. • Shark Dispersion can be used for paints as the direct carrier for color substances, antistatic or conditioners. The Dispersions are forming a uniform film during the drying phase with the help from film forming agents: Coalescing agents or plasticizers. In that respect the films can act as adhesives to some substrates.  The main advantages of PVB compared to other resins are: • extremely high flexibility combined with • film toughness • no tackiness • excellent blocking resistance PVB Dispersion – as co-binder…

17. Formulating guide-lines • Replace 10 – 30% of current binder on solids to solids • Remove any other coalescing agents or plasticisers from the formulation • Avoid kationic components • Select dispersing and wetting agents carefully • Test defoamers for suitability • Dilute Rheology Modifiers and thickeners with water before addition • Add RM’s every slowly under stirring PVB Dispersion – as co-binder…

18. ”Issues” about Recycled PVB As we use recycled raw material there are certain characteristics you – as a customer/user – need to be aware of: • We do not change the chemistry of the material i.e. the PVB is plastizized (est. 25%) • Variances in product chemistry is natural since our raw material is blend from various virgin manufacturers products • Shark Solutions has developed an industrialized and sophisticated know how about how to ”clean” the PVB from impurities of glass, rubber, silicones and other contamination which will always be present in a recycled raw material supply stream; e.g. other polymers/plastics, wood chips, metals, etc. • Weconstantly improve the quality level i.e. reduce level of contamination. At the moment our specifications are for our PVB-flakes: • C3 grade; contamination <4%. Moisture contained <3%. • C2 grade; contamination <1%. Moisture contained <3%. • C1 grade; contamination <0,5%. Moisture contained <8%. As part of above mentioned contamination is in all cases <0,1% glass! • For further cleaned products we offer our PVB e.g. as pellets/granules, which are extruded and thus beeing filtered, which takes away any impurities >110 microns and moisture level gets below 2%. • We also provide PVB as a water based PVB dispersion; in this case the dispersion is filtered removing any contamination >200 microns – with average d50 PVB particle size <0,15 microns (SharkDispersionMW)

19. Headquarters & PVB Operation, Denmark Glass & PVB Operations, USA, Lavonia PVB Operation, Belgium, Lommel Production sites in Denmark, Belgium, USA..

20. Shark has developed numerous applications for PVB – substituting different raw materials and thus making the business case stable to changing market conditions!

21. The Shark Solutions Program helps keep our planet clean & saves resources for future generations