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Mobilization for War

Mobilization for War. men into Armed Forces + factories to war production = full employment & end of Depression. Average family income 1938 1942 DC $2227 $5316 NYC $2760 $4044. Union membership increases by over 20% Government gets some concessions:

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Mobilization for War

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  1. Mobilization for War

  2. men into Armed Forces + factories to war production = full employment & end of Depression

  3. Average family income 1938 1942 DC $2227 $5316 NYC $2760 $4044

  4. Union membership increases by over 20% Government gets some concessions: Limit on wartime wage increases No strike pledge – not followed by everyone

  5. 1941 – 1945 US spent $321 billion More than the budgets for the last 150 years combined

  6. Raised $100 billion in bonds New tax system: Tax Revenue Act of 1942 Starts withholding

  7. National debt: $49 billion in 1941 $259 billion in 1945

  8. Fear of inflation causes government to create the Office of Price Administration or OPA • Able to keep inflation under control • Not wildly popular due to role in rationing

  9. War Production Board Supervises conversion to war production Auto makers trucks, planes, tanks Shirt makers uniforms, parachutes Refrigerator ammunition

  10. Lansing Oldsmobile Plant

  11. Henry Kaiser uses pre-fab to cut time to make ‘Liberty Ships’ 240 days to 40

  12. Willow Run

  13. 6,000,000 industrial workers 1944 18,000,000 industrial workers

  14. Where to get workers? Native Americans Hispanic ~ 300,000 Women

  15. African Americans –height of the Great Migration, the shift to Northern cities 7 million from 1910-1970

  16. 6,000,000 women work in industry Get 60% the pay of men

  17. More than 310,000 women worked in the U.S. aircraft industry in 1943, representing 65 percent of the industry’s total workforce only1 percent in the pre-war years

  18. Rosie the Riveter

  19. Armed Forces 15 million serve 10 million drafted

  20. Includes: 900,000 African Americans 500,000 Hispanics 25,000 Native Americans 300,000 women

  21. Zoot Suit Riots June 1943

  22. Blacks mostly menial labor Tuskegge Airmen Experiment to show Blacks “racially deficient” and can not fly

  23. Graduate 926 fighter pilots Over 200 missions 66 killed 33 captured Escorted Bombers lost: 0

  24. Had to fly 100 missions to be rotated out instead of 50 missions for white pilots

  25. Relocation of Japanese-Americans Concerns on West Coast about Japanese-Americans Attorney General Earl Warren & Governor Olsen pass law to dismiss J-A from gov. jobs & right to practice Medicine and law

  26. February 1942 War Relocation Authority Executive Order 9066 110,000 rounded up, given 48 hours to sell homes and businesses 2/3 of those taken are born in the US

  27. Korematsu v. US 1944 6 to 3 Relocation is constitutional

  28. 442nd Regiment Most decorated unit in ETO >9000 Purple Hearts 7 Presidential unit Citations 53 Distinguished Service Crosses 19 CMH

  29. RATIONING

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