Understanding Synaptic and Hormonal Signaling in Biology

1. AP BIOLOGY REVIEW 2

4. Which of the following is TRUE of synaptic signaling and hormonal signaling? a. Hormonal signaling occurs in animals only. b. Hormonal signaling is important between cells that are at greater distances apart than in synaptic signaling. c. Both use neurotransmitters, but hormone signaling is for adjacent cells in animals only. d. Both are forms of paracrine signaling.

5. Which of the following is TRUE of synaptic signaling and hormonal signaling? a. Hormonal signaling occurs in animals only. b. Hormonal signaling is important between cells that are at greater distances apart than in synaptic signaling. c. Both use neurotransmitters, but hormone signaling is for adjacent cells in animals only. d. Both are forms of paracrine signaling.

14. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Those cells would have____picograms at the end of the S phase and _____ picograms at the end of G2. • 8,8 • 8,16 • 16,8 • 16,16 • 12,16

15. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Those cells would have____picograms at the end of the S phase and _____ picograms at the end of G2. • 8,8 • 8,16 • 16,8 • 16,16 • 12,16

29. Meiosis

31. In meiosis I, _____ are separated; in meiosis II,______ are separated. a. homologous chromosomes; nonhomologous chromosomes. b. homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids c. nonhomologous chromosomes; homologous chromosomes d. sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes.

32. In meiosis I, _____ are separated; in meiosis II,______ are separated. a. homologous chromosomes; nonhomologous chromosomes. b. homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids c. nonhomologous chromosomes; homologous chromosomes d. sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes.

37. A diploid cell has three pairs of homologous chromosomes designated J1/J2, K1/K2,and L1/L2. Which of the following represents a probable chromosome compliment in a haploid cell formed by meiosis? • J1 and K1 • J1 and J2 • J2, K1, and L2 • J1, J1, K2, and K2 • J1, J2, K1, K2, L1, and L2

38. A diploid cell has three pairs of homologous chromosomes designated J1/J2, K1/K2,and L1/L2. Which of the following represents a probable chromosome compliment in a haploid cell formed by meiosis? • J1 and K1 • J1 and J2 • J2, K1, and L2 • J1, J1, K2, and K2 • J1, J2, K1, K2, L1, and L2

39. Comparison Mitosis & Meiosis

42. Independent Assortment

46. Ecology

47. Terms • Punctuated equilibrium – In the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis (equilibrium), in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change. • Epiphytic plant – a plant that nourishes itself but grows on the surface of another plant for support (often on trunks of tropic plants)

48. Terms • Ecological niche – sum total of an organisms use of biotic and abiotic resources as it “fits into” an ecosystem • Fundamental niche – resources a population is capable of using

49. Terms cont’d • Realized niche – resources a populationactually does use • Limiting factor - something needed for productivity (like water, O2 or CO2 for plants) • Resource partitioning – different niches allow similar species to coexist in community