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Era of Good Feelings: Monroe's Presidency and the Challenges of Nationalism and Sectionalism

Explore Monroe's accomplishments as President during the Era of Good Feelings, including the Monroe Doctrine and Clay's American System. Learn about the Marshall Court and the ongoing gridlock on slavery, highlighted by the Missouri Compromise.

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Era of Good Feelings: Monroe's Presidency and the Challenges of Nationalism and Sectionalism

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  1. A Nation GrowsDay 3Era of Good Feelings American History I SRMHS Mr. Hensley

  2. James Monroe • President from 1816 to 1824 (two terms) – a time known as the “Era of Good Feelings” • Last Founding Father to hold high office • From Virginia, he is a Democratic-Republican • Because of Federalist collapse, he runs unopposed in 1820

  3. Foreign Policy Challenges • Between 1810 and 1825, Spanish colonies revolt against Spanish control • New nations need loans, supplies – Britain and the U.S. benefit the most • “Holy Alliance” established in Europe – goal is to end all democracies • Russia claims Pacific Northwest

  4. The Monroe Doctrine • Proclaimed by Monroe in 1823 but enforced by Britain’s navy • Europe stays out of North and South America • The U.S. will stay out of European affairs • Designed to keep Spain from trying to retake her former colonies – and to stop any future attempts at colonization

  5. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism • Nationalists believe in a strong federal government • They think of themselves as Americans first • Sectionalists care more for their state than they do for the United States • They put their state’s interests above those of the national government

  6. The American System • Proposed by Henry Clay • Protective tariff to help Northern industry (1816) • Second BUS chartered to help with loans and reliability of currency (1816) • Increased federal funding for roads and canals • Erie Canal: 1825 • Cumberland Road: 1820’s

  7. The Marshall Court • Decisions increase the power of the federal government over states • McCullough v. Maryland (1819): states can’t block federal laws • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): only federal government can control interstate commerce • Worcester v. Georgia (1832): only federal government can make treaties with Natives

  8. Nationalism in Art • “Hudson River School” refers to a group of American artists in the 1820’s and 1830’s • Specialized in landscapes with themes of exploration and settlement • Humans and nature coexist peacefully • First truly American art

  9. “Gridlock” on Slavery • Senate is split 50-50 between slave states and free states • 3/5’s Compromise gives slave states disproportionate power in the House • Attempts to alter slavery never reach the floor of Congress • Gridlock –but new states are coming in!

  10. The Missouri Compromise • 11 slave and 11 free – balance in the Senate • 1820: Missouri wants to come in as a slave state • 1820: Maine comes in as free state to balance • 36’30 line created – free in future if above, slave in future if below • Next states: Arkansas and Michigan in 1836

  11. Missouri Compromise Map

  12. Voting Begins to Change • Universal (male) suffrage movement begins after War of 1812 • States drop property or religion requirements • Number of people voting grows ten-fold between 1820 and 1840 • Politics becomes popular • Politicians are the “rock stars” of their day

  13. Election of 1824 • No political parties but a three-way race • John Quincy Adams (North) versus Andrew Jackson (South) versus Henry Clay (West) • Jackson gets the most popular votes … but no one gets a majority • Election goes to House of Representatives…

  14. The Corrupt Bargain? • In the House, Clay throws his support to Adams • Adams wins • Adams then makes Clay his Secretary of State • Jackson accuses Adams and Clay of bargaining for the Presidency • The Corrupt Bargain • Jackson vows to run again

  15. Review: Era of Good Feelings Describe Monroe’s major accomplishments as President and explain the difference between nationalism and sectionalism. Monroe served as President during an era without competing political parties – the “Era of Good Feelings”. He is remembered for his foreign policy initiative, the Monroe Doctrine, that put the Western hemisphere under U.S. protection. Clay’s “American Plan” helped bring the country closer together and the Marshall Court made decisions that strengthened the power of the federal government. However, slavery remained an area of disagreement between the North and South, as we saw in the Missouri Compromise.

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