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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. 04/24/2016. Properties of the groups: Each group is like a family – they have similarities such as how they react and their appearance and state at room temperature. Transition Metals. 04/24/2016. These are in the centre of the periodic table. Transition Metals.

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table 04/24/2016 Properties of the groups: Each group is like a family – they have similarities such as how they react and their appearance and state at room temperature.

  2. Transition Metals 04/24/2016 These are in the centre of the periodic table

  3. Transition Metals 04/24/2016 Common properties The transition metals have the following properties in common: -They form coloured compounds -They are good conductors of heat and electricity -They can be hammered or bent into shape easily -They are less reactive than alkali metals such as sodium -They have high melting points - but mercury is a liquid at room temperature -They are usually hard and tough -They have high densities

  4. Metallic structure 04/24/2016 Structure- Positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons

  5. Transition Metals 04/24/2016 Malleability- they can be hammered into shape because rows of atoms can slide over each other.

  6. Transition Metals 04/24/2016 Good conductors of electricity- Electrons are free to flow through metal and so transfer charge.

  7. 04/24/2016 The diagram shows the structure of a metal. Use the diagram to describe the structure of a metal and to explain why metals are malleable and conduct electricity. (6) Answer must include description of : Structure Malleability Conductivity

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  9. Group 1 – The alkali metals 04/24/2016 04/24/16 Watch video of these metals reacting with water (from Sky One’s Brainiac)

  10. 04/24/2016 For example: Group 1 in the periodic table contains (1) A   transition metals B   noble gases C   halogens D   alkali metals

  11. 04/24/2016 Melting and Boiling point Alkali metals have low melting and boiling points Hardness The alkali metals are very soft. Lithium is the hardest alkali metal and they become softer as you go down the group. Density The alkali metals have low densities compared to most other metals (they feel lighter). 11

  12. 04/24/2016 Reactions of alkali metals All alkali metals react vigorously with cold water. In each reaction, hydrogen gas is given off and the metal hydroxide is produced. The speed and violence of the reaction increases as you go down the group. This shows that the reactivity of the alkali metals increases as you go down group 1. lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen 2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g) potassium + water → potassium hydroxide + hydrogen 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

  13. 04/24/2016 Now test your knowledge on Alkali Metals (d) Potassium reacts with water.      In a class demonstration, a teacher drops a piece of potassium on to water.  (i) The teacher ties back her hair and wears a laboratory coat and goggles.      Suggest another safety precaution that the teacher should take. (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) The word equation for this reaction is given below.      Two of the state symbols have been given.      Write the other two state symbols in the spaces provided. (2)      potassium(s) + water (l) → potassium hydroxide(. . . . . . . . .) + hydrogen(. . . . . . . . .) (iii) Describe what you see when potassium is added to water. (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  (iv) Balance the equation for the reaction between potassium and water by putting numbers in the spaces provided. (2) . . . . . . . . . K + 2H2O → . . . . . . . . . KOH + H2 (Total for Question is 11 marks)

  14. Group 7 – The halogens 04/24/2016

  15. The Halogens - Chlorine 04/24/2016 Each molecule has a strong force holding the atoms together, but the forces between molecules are very weak so chlorine is a gas at room temperature and is pale yellow.

  16. The Halogens - Bromine 04/24/2016 The forces between molecules are slightly stronger so bromine is a liquid at room temperature. It is reddish-brown in colour.

  17. The Halogens - Iodine 04/24/2016 Iodine is a solid at room temperature but with gentle heating it will melt. The atoms will remain in pairs. In solid form iodine is grey like metal but gaseous iodine is purple.

  18. The halogens – some reactions Halogen + metal metal halide sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s) - + 04/24/2016 Cl Cl Na Na 1) Halogen + metal: +

  19. Halogen + hydrogen a hydrogen halide This can be dissolved in water to form an acid 04/24/2016 H H Cl Cl 2) Halogen + hydrogen: + 19

  20. Trends in Group 7 04/24/2016 Colour The halogens become darker as you go down the group. Fluorine is very pale yellow, chlorine is yellow-green, and bromine is red-brown. Iodine crystals are shiny purple - but easily turn into a dark purple vapour when they are warmed up.

  21. Exam examples 04/24/2016 1. Describe the appearance of bromine at room temperature and pressure. 2. Balance the equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine to produce sodium chloride by putting numbers in the spaces provided.(2).................. Na + Cl2 → .................. NaCl 3. The table shows the appearance of bromine and iodine at room temperature. Complete the table to show the appearance of chlorine at room temperature. (2) 4. Chlorine reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen chloride.Write the word equation for this reaction. (2) ..................... + ....................... → ................................... 21

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  23. Displacement reactions 04/24/2016 Decreasing reactivity To put it simply, a MORE reactive halogen will displace a LESS reactive halogen from a solution of its salt.

  24. Group 0 – The Noble gases 04/24/2016 04/24/16 Common properties The noble gases have the following properties in common: They are non-metals They are very unreactive gases They are colourless They exist as single atoms (they are monatomic)

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  27. 04/24/2016 (b)  Helium and argon are noble gases. (i)  Choose the correct word from this box to complete the sentence below. (1) Argon can be used to put out fires because it is ....................................................... (ii)  Choose the correct phrase from this box to complete the sentence below. (1) Helium is used in airships because it .......................................................

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