869-876 Interpret documents about the causes of “New Imperialism”

1. 869-876 • Interpret documents about the causes of “New Imperialism” • Describe Imperialism in Africa and Asia

2. Document Analysis: • Read each document and make a list of the causes of this “New Imperialism”. 1. Parker Moon – “Imperialism and World Politics”.

3. Causes of the New Imperialism (p.873) • Economic – tariff barriers limited imports, so nations looked for new markets. • Military – bases and naval coaling stations. • Nationalism – colonies important for national prestige and glory. • Anglo-Saxon Superiority – Social Darwinism • Technological Superiority – particularly the machine gun, quinine, telegraph and steamships. • Reduce Social Domestic Tensions - …to distract. • Special Interest Groups – shippers, military men, settlers, missionaries all favored Imperialism. • Missionary Duty to Civilize – Rudyard Kipling’s poem “The White Man’s Burden”

4. The White Man's Burden Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.

5. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa (p.869) • Before 1880, Europe controlled less than 10% of Africa • French, British, Dutch, Portuguese • By 1900, European powers ruled all of Africa except Ethiopia and Liberia. • South African War (1898-1902) • Boers (Afrikaners) resisted British efforts by Cecil Rhodes to expand British control inland from Cape Colony

6. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa • South African War (1898-1902) • Cecil Rhodes had become PrimeMinister of Cape Colony ; principal sponsor of the Cape-to-Cairo dream where Britain would dominate the continent. • Diamonds and gold were discovered in the Transvaal and Rhodes wanted to extend his influence there but region controlled by Boers (descendents of Dutch settlers) leading to the “Boer War”.

7. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa • Belgian King Leopold sent Henry Stanley to claim the Congo causing “Africa Fever”- (fear of being shut out of Africa) • French responded by sending Pierre de Brazza to the Congo region. • Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

8. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa • The Berlin Conference • Meeting held by French Jules Ferry and German Otto von Bismarck in 1884-85 that established colonial claims when “effective occupation” was reached.

9. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa • In 1898, General Kitchener used machine guns against Muslim tribes at Omdurman in the Sudan. • Kitchener continued up the Nile to Fashoda, faced the French army under General Marchand, but the French backed down. Potential for WAR!!

10. Imperialism in Asia • After 1815, the Dutch expanded their control of Indonesia. • France took Indochina. • Russia expanded into central Asia • United States took the Philippines in the Spanish-American War.

11. Critics of Imperialism • J.A.Hobson • “Imperialism” • Colonies only benefited the wealthy and cost taxpayers money to administer them. • Henry Labouchere • Member of Parliament mocked Kipling’s poem, viewed them as “racist bullies”. • Joseph Conrad • “Heart of Darkness” • Saw imperialism as racist, exploitive and contrary to the West’s liberal values.