Nutrient Management Workbook 2009

1. Nutrient Management Workbook 2009 Jon Rausch, Amanda Meddles & Robert Mullen Ohio State University Extension

2. Objective • Development a nutrient management plan for each field of the farming operation. • Focus on those utilizing animal manure. Take Home: • General understanding of this Nutrient Management Workbook • Steps toward and approved Nutrient Management Plan

3. Outline • Identify available soil resources. • Identify manure nutrients available. • Identify the nutrient needs of growing crop. • Identify sources of nutrients available for that crop. • Allocate and balance available nutrients by field. • Estimate nutrient carry-over, if any, and the value of that carry-over. • Identify spreadable acres available for manure application. • Estimate number of acres needed to recycle manure nutrients generated by your operation. • Identify steps toward an approved plan.

4. Heritage Lane Farms 2009

6. Example Farm Throughout this presentation an example is provided based on a farm that is currently housing 37,000 broilers in a 60 x 600 barn. The farm has 200 cropping acres. This farm has a rotation of corn, soybeans and wheat and fertilizes his fields with manure from the poultry operation. This is supplemented with commercial fertilizer when necessary. The field used throughout this book as an example is Brown 1 or B1. It is 30 acres and will be planted in corn. The previous crop was soybeans. Examples based on this scenario can be found in different sections throughout the presentation in gray boxes like this one. Page 1

7. Soils/Field Data OSU Fact Sheet: Soil Sampling, Handling & Testing Field Plan EXAMPLE A Field Information B1 Brown Corn 160 bu/ac Soybeans Silt Loam 30 ac lb/ac lb/ac 20 30 250 Meq/100g ppm ppm

8. Soil Test-Preferred

9. Yield response NOT likely Yield response likely Increasing 

10. Soil Test Critical Values

11. No Soil Test Assumes maintenance level Page 2

12. Example Farm Broilers 14.22 53 36 Winter application see page 17

13. Manure Test-Preferred 14

14. Manure Nutrients Example This broiler example uses book values, due to a lack of manure test results, from Table 3 of 12 lb/ton of NH3-N, 34 lb/ton of Organic N (ON), 53 lb/ton of P2O5 and 36 lb/ton of K2O which will be applied in September and incorporated within 1 day. PAN: (34 x .33) + (12 x .25) = 14.22 lb/ton P2O5: 53 lb/ton K2O: 36 lb/ton PAN is Plant Available Nitrogen. This is the amount of Nitrogen available to the crop based on time of application and method of application. Page 3

15. Page 3-4

16. Time of Year page 5

17. Calculating PAN- Example Farm 12 34 14.22 15.1 25% 38.4 33% 16.45 Test 1 15% diff. PAN worksheet top of page 3

18. Example Farm Poultry 14.22 53 36 Winter (Frozen & Snow Covered) application see page 17

19. Example Nutrient Worksheet C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

20. Example Farm Example A poultry farmer expects 160 bu/ac of grain corn in field B1. The previous crop was soybeans. Nutrient recommendations without soil test values are: PAN: 160 lb/ac P2O5: 60 lb/ac K2O: 65 lb/ac Page 5

21. Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

22. P2O5 Recommendation Page 6-8

23. Page 8-10

24. Example Nutrient Worksheet 160 60 65 C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

25. Example - Liquid Fertilizer (used in this example) 5 gal/ac of 10-34-0 are applied at planting. The fertilizer contains 10% PAN, 34% P2O5, and 0% K2O. The application rate is 5 gal/ac x 11.7 lb/gal = 58.5 lb/ac. PAN: 58.5 lb/ac x 10% = 6 P2O5: 58.5 lb/ac x 34% = 20 K2O: 58.5 lb/ac x 0% = 0 Example - Dry Fertilizer Diammonium phosphate has a blend of (18-46-0) applied at 150 lb/ac. The fertilizer contains 18% PAN, 46% P2O5 and 0% K2O. PAN: 150 lb/ac x 18% = 27 lb/ac P2O5: 150 lb/ac x 46% = 69 lb/ac or 14 lbs/ac K2O: 150 lb/ac x 0% = 0 lb/ac

26. Example Nutrient Worksheet 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

27. Example Nutrient Worksheet 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

28. Example The poultry farmer decides to base his application rate on the nitrogen need of the corn crop. Field B1 needs 154 lb/ac of PAN (from E: Additional Nutrients Needed) and the manure has a value of 14.22 lb/ton. PAN Application Rate = 154 lb/ac / 14.22 lb/ton = 10.8 ton/ac If he chose to use P2O5: 40 lb/ac / 53 lb/ton = 0.75 ton/ac If he chose to use K2O: 65 lb/ac / 36 lb/ton = 1.8 ton/ac Page 12 See also: NRCS-633, Table 4, page 13

29. Manure Nutrients Applied

30. Determining Application Rate

31. Manure Nutrients Applied Example Manure Nutrient Values for field B1 are 14.22 lb/ton of PAN, 53 lb/ton of P2O5 and 36 lb/ton of K2O. The application rate calculated previously was 10.8 ton/ac. However, he cannot apply more than 250 lb/ac of P2O5. Therefore his application rate will be 4 ton/ac. PAN: 14.22 lb/ton x 4 ton/ac = 57 lb/ac P2O5: 53 lb/ton x 4 ton/ac = 212 lb/ac K2O: 36 lb/ton x 4 ton/ac = 144 lb/ac Page 13

32. Example Nutrient Worksheet 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144 C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

33. Additional Nutrients • PSNT: Pre Side-dress Nitrogen Test • Applicable for fields with history of manure application • Designed to capture ON cycling • Sample just prior to side-dress N application • Indicator of NO3-N + NH4-N available • 30 ppm sufficient PAN, low probability of yield response with additional N • 0 – 30 ppm, higher probability of yield response with additional N Page 13

34. Example Nutrient Worksheet 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144 0 0 0 C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

35. Example Nutrient Worksheet 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144 0 0 0 97 -172 -79 C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

36. Nutrient Worksheet Example: Remaining Nutrients for P2O5: 172 / 60 = 2.8 Remaining Nutrients for K2O: 79 / 65 = 1.2 Page 14

37. Nutrient Carry-over • Apply based on N needs of crop when applicable and P for rotation. • 2.8 year carry-over means the need for more P is not likely for 2-3 years, but dependant upon crop rotation and soil test level.

38. Example Nutrient Worksheet 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144 0 0 0 97 -172 -79 2.8 1.2 C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied ton/ac gal/ac E Additional Nutrients Needed F Manure Application Rate G Manure Nutrients Applied H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance J Years to Next Nutrient Application

39. Nutrient Worksheet L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied K M Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) Manure Storage Management Volume Applied = Volume Remaining =

40. Backside of worksheet

41. Common Set-backs Page 15

42. Nutrient Worksheet L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 K M Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) Manure Storage Management Volume Applied = Volume Remaining =

43. Example I: Crop Nutrient Balance shows a negative number for P2O5 and K2O which means there is an over application of those nutrients. There is an excess of 212 lb/ac of P2O5 and 79 lb/ac of K2O. The current market prices for fertilizer are: N= $0.89/lb P2O5= $1.35/lb K2O= $1.10/lb P2O5: 172 lb/ac x $1.35/lb x 28.9 ac = $6,710.58 K2O: 79 lb/ac x $1.10/lb x 28.9 ac = $2,511.41 Total dollars in excess nutrients applied to field B1 equals $9,221.99 $1,839 $1,484 $3,323 Fertilizer value used June ‘09: Urea = $420/ton = $0.46/lb N DAP $500/ton = $0.37/lb P2O5 Potash $770/ton = $0.65/lb K2O Page 18

44. Nutrient Worksheet L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 $9,221.99 $3,323 K M Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) Manure Storage Management Volume Applied = Volume Remaining =

45. Example A farmer has 37,000 broilers in his 60 x 600 barn excreting 0.18 pounds of manure/bird/day. 37,000 broilers x 0.18 lb/day x 365 days = 2,430,900 lb/yr = 1,215 ton/yr 1 pound = 0.0005 short tons This example assumes 365 day/year one-time clean out. You will need to fine-tune this to accurately reflect your situation. Page 19

46. Page 20

47. Manure Production Broilers 0.18 lb/day 37,000 365 1,215 ton/yr 1,215 tons Does not include bedding or other additions to storage

49. Total Nutrients Available • 1,215 tons available • = $ 36, 567 (PAN, P2O5, K2O) • Total PAN = 1,215 * 14.22 = 17,277 lb • 17,277 lb / 160 lb/ac = 108 ac • 17,277 lb/2,000 lb/ton * $420/ton = $3,628 TN • Total P2O5= 1,215 * 53 = 64,395 lb • 64,395 lb/ 60 lb/ac = 1,073 ac • 64,395 lb/2,000 lb/ton * $500/ton =$16,099 • Total K2O = 1,215 * 36 = 43,740 lb • 43,740 lb / 65 lb/ac = 673 ac • 43,740 lb / 2,000 lb/ton * $770/ton = $16,840

50. Manure Application Records • Field record book • Emergency contact information • Spill response information • Equipment information • Detailed ‘day-of-application’ information • Winter application guidelines