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Plants

Learn about the different types of vascular plants, including seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Explore the life processes and characteristics of vascular and non-vascular plants. Discover how these plants reproduce and regulate their growth.

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Plants

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  1. Plants

  2. What Is a Vascular Plant? • Have a vascular tissue = Xylem and Phloem • Produce Seeds

  3. Types of Vascular Tissue • Has specialized organs • Xylem = WATER flows UPWARD from the root • Pholem = NUTRIENTS/FOOD (such as sugar) flows DOWNWARD from the leaves • Stems = support and store essential molecules • Roots = absorbs water and anchors the plant • Leaves = do photosynthesis and exchange gases into and out of plant • Guard Cells = surround the stomata (opening in the cell), which regulates the gases and water vapor that enters and exits the cell.

  4. Guard Cell

  5. Types of Vascular Plants

  6. Types of Vascular Plants • What makes Vascular Plants different? • The WAY THE PLATNS reproduce makes the difference!!!

  7. Seedless Vascular Plants • Examples: Ferns, horsetails, many water plants • MUST live in water, because they have swimming sperm that fertilize eggs

  8. Gymnosperms • Reproduce with seeds that are exposed “Naked Seeds” (such as cones) • Have CONES (pine cones) • Makes male and female cones • Usually keeps leaves all year long • Examples: Evergreen trees, pine trees, gingko trees REMEMBER: “GYM likes CONES”

  9. Angiosperms • Reproduce with seeds that are covered “Enclosed Seeds” • These plants have fruits that protect the seed and allow it to be dispersed • Have FLOWERS!! • Male reproductive part: Stamen • Female reproductive part: Pistil • Ovary protects the seed as they develop, and then ripens as a FRUIT! • Angiosperms and their pollinators (bees, butterflies, etc) have co-evolved! REMEMBER: “Angi likes Flowers”

  10. Parts of a flower

  11. STERN GRR of VASCULAR Plants • Synthesis: • Can do photosynthesis (makes glucose = food) • Can do protein synthesis and build organic molecules • Transport: • Uses diffusion and osmosis to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules • Uses XYLEM and PHLOEM to move materials throughout the plant

  12. Excretion: • Gets rid of waste through diffusion and osmosis • Uses transpiration to get rid of excess water (through the leaves) • Respiration: • Takes in CO2 and O2 through diffusion • Uses CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration • Nutrition: • Are autotrophic = makes their own food

  13. Growth: • Starts off life as a seed, and grows into an adult plant using mitosis • Reproduction: • Reproduce sexually and asexually. Most use pollen and eggs to produce seeds. Others use vegetative propagation to make asexual copies of themselves • Vegetative propagation = cloning • Regulation: • Communicate using HORMONES, specifically AUXIN, the growth hormone

  14. NON – Vascular Plants

  15. What Is a Non-Vascular Plant? • Plants that do not have a vascular system (NO XYLEM & PHLOEM,) leaves, roots, or stems. • They do NOT produce SEEDS! • Examples: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

  16. Life Processes of Non-Vascular Plants… • Synthesis: • Can do photosynthesis (makes glucose) • Also does protein synthesis and builds organic molecules • Transport: • Uses diffusion and osmosis to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules • Excretion: • Gets rid of waste using diffusion and osmosis

  17. Respiration: • Takes in CO2 and O2 through diffusion (Uses CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration) • Nutrition: • Autotrophic = make their own food • Growth: • Starts off as SPORES and grows into an adult plant using mitosis

  18. Reproduction: • Reproduce sexually and asexually. The life cycles alter between haploid and diploid, and they uses swimming sperm to reproduce • Regulation: • Communication using hormones, specifically auxin, the growth hormone

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