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Founding of Virginia

Founding of Virginia. Methods of Colonization. Private Charters Humphrey Gilbert: Newfoundland (1578) Sir Walter Raleigh: Roanoke Island (1584-85, 1587) Reasons for Failure Joint Stock Companies (Corporate Colonies) Advantages England’s Chief Agency for Colonization

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Founding of Virginia

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  1. Founding of Virginia

  2. Methods of Colonization • Private Charters • Humphrey Gilbert: Newfoundland (1578) • Sir Walter Raleigh: Roanoke Island (1584-85, 1587) • Reasons for Failure • Joint Stock Companies (Corporate Colonies) • Advantages • England’s Chief Agency for Colonization • Virginia, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

  3. Sir Humphrey Gilbert

  4. Sir Walter Raleigh

  5. Establishing the Colony • Virginia Company of London (1607) • Motives for Settlement • Trade With Native Americans • Mining • Route to China

  6. Disastrous Early Years • High Mortality Rates • Old View: Famine • New View: Contaminated Water Typhoid, Dysentery & Perhaps Salt Poisoning • Starvation, 1609-10 • Death Rates, 1607-24

  7. Why Indians Allowed Virginians to Survive • Powhatan Empire • Covered 8000 Square Miles • Contained 14,000 Native Americans • Powhatan Wantedto Trade 4. Convinced Settlers Would Die Chief Powhatan

  8. Why Did Powhatan Tribe Fail? • Settlers Badly Led, Often Starving • Powhatan Had Huge Empire and Better Organized Chief Powhatan

  9. Ecological Imperialism • Multilevel Ecological Assault • Tobacco, Honeybees & Domesticated Animals • Tobacco Growing Destroyed Nutrients in Soil Colonists Needed More & More Land • Honeybees Pollinated Orchards • Pigs, Goats, Cattle & Horses Trampled Indian Harvests a. Pigs Ate Tuckahoe • Columbian Exchange

  10. Why No Indian Counterattack? • Underestimated Colonists’ Capacity for Survival • Colonists Made Landscape Inhospitable • Colonists Came from South And East England Brought Malaria With Them • Malaria Became Established in 1620s Prevented Indians from Attacking

  11. Commercial Success, 1612-24 • Experiments With Export Commodities • Introduction of Tobacco From West Indies • Explosion of Tobacco Production

  12. Reforms Introduced 1618 • Problem Sustaining Population • Head Right System • High Fatality Rate Continued • Crown Investigation • Virginia Became First Royal Colony • Profits for Promoters? Prisoners Await Transpor- tation to North American

  13. Structure of Colonial Virginia I • Geographic Influences • Navigable Rivers • Rich Soil • Long, Hot Growing Season • Land Distribution System: Head Right System • Impact: Retarded Growth of Towns and Cities

  14. Structure of Colonial Virginia II • Growth of Planter Elite Based on Tobacco • Basis of Work Force • Indentured Servants • Slavery Introduced on Large Scale First in 1670s and 1680s William Byrd, Virginia Planter

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