The First Global Age

1. Astrolabe Caravel Scurvy Circumnavigate Conquistador Immunity Alliance Inflation Viceroy Plantation Encomienda Peon Missionary Triangular trade Monopoly Capitalism Entrepreneur Joint stock company Mercantilism Tariff Vocabulary

2. First Global Age Chapters 15 & 16 27

3. The Search for Spices • *Sought a new sea route to Asia • *Wanted to convert others to Christianity

4. Advances in technology • *Navigational tools • Improved Magnetic compass (1000 to 1500) • Astrolabe (1400's) • Sextant (1730) • *Improved ships Caravel • Triangular sails • Rudder • Smooth bottom

5. Portuguese Explorers Henry the Navigator mapped the African coast Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope (1488) Vasco de Gama reached Calicut in India (1497)

6. Spanish Explorers Columbus (1492) Oct. 12th landed in Bahamas Sailed four times Claimed area for the Spanish crown • Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1513) • Walked over Panama and saw the Pacific • Ferdinand Magellan (1519 to 1521) • Circumnavigated the globe

7. *Treaty of Tordesillas • Drew a line down the Atlantic • West is Spain’s • East is Portugal

8. *Northwest Passage English Sent John Cabot Newfoundland • French sent Jacques Cartier • St. Lawrence River • Dutch sent Henry Hudson • Explored the Hudson River

9. Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences.

10. European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India • *Portuguese controlled the spice trade for most of the 1500s • Thanks to superior military power • Dutch replaced the Portuguese • By the late 1500s • Built Cape Town as a repair and a resupply depot

11. Mughal India*The world leader in textile manufacturing • Ackbar allowed European trading post to be set up • Successors ended religious tolerance • Caused a civil war in the 1700s • European nations were able to extend their influence into India. • *The English and French vied for dominance • By 1756 they were at war • Locked in a global power struggle • By the end of the 1700's England’s British East India Company ruled India

12. Europeans in East Asia • *The Ming Dynasty • Had little use for foreigners • Demanded payment in gold • Portuguese got a trading post at Macao • *The Qing dynasty (Manchu…1680’s) • Restricted foreign contact and trade. • Chinese territory expanded • New crops, potatoes and corn • Population grew 140 million in 1740 to 300 million in 1800 • Rejected British offer of trade

13. Feudal Japan • *Welcomed western traders and missionaries in 1543 • Many Japanese converted to Christianity scaring Tokugawa shoguns • Loyal to a foreign power the Pope • Philippines taken over by Spain • Embarked on a policy of strict isolation that lasted more than 200 years. Oda Nobunaga pounded the rice,Hideyoshi baked the cake,And Tokugawa Ieyasu ate it.

14. Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences.

15. The New World “America” • *First encounters • Christopher Columbus landed in the West Indies in 1492 • Indians were friendly • Chris thought they could be converted • Spanish conquistadors • Seized the Indians land and enslaved those who did not convert *Quetzalcoatl….was the Aztex god who was suppose to return from the East to reclaim his power

16. Hernan Cortez 1519 • Landed with 600 men and a few cannons • Moctezuma thought he was Quetzalcoatl • Sent gifts of silver and gold • Welcomed Cortez into the city • He drove them out a short time later • Cortez rebuilt his army with Indians and destroyed Tenchtitlan • Built Mexico City on the site

17. Inca and Pizarro1532 • Atahualpa won civil war • Through deception, took Atahualpa hostage • Incas’ paid 20 tons of gold and silver • Pizarro tied him to a stake and strangled him • By the end of 1500 Inca’s endangered

18. *Spanish Victory • Military Technology • Division and discontent among Indians • Disease • Attitude toward war

19. Life in Spanish America • Strict control • *Needed labor imported Africans • *Rigid social structure • Peninsulares • Natives • Slaves • Blended European, Native and African culture

20. English/French Colonies William III and Mary II 1689-1702 Louis XIV, The Great: King of France, 1638-1715

21. French in America • Between Verrazano’s visit to the Atlantic coastline in 1524 and the end of the Seven Years War in 1763, *the French colonized or visited nearly every corner of North America. • Due to a harsh climate its population grew slowly • *Economy based on fur trapping • Louis XIV sent wives

22. English In America • Set up 13 Colonies • *Enjoyed a large degree of self government • *Cultural differences • North.…Religious • South….Money

23. Native Americans and the Europeans • Encounters with Europeans often led to disaster for Native Americans • disease killing many • clashes over settlers taking their land • *The Indian way of life helped shape the emerging culture of North America. • learned to grow corn, beans, squash and tomatoes • adopted their clothing style • used their trails through the wilderness

24. Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences.

25. Turbulent Centuries in Africa • In the 1400s, Europeans established trading outposts in Africa. • Never penetrating into the interior • Harsh treatment reduced trade • *The Atlantic slave trade begins 1500s • Plantations in the new world needed labor • Over the next 300 years, 13 million slaves were imported from Africa • Slave traders • Africans rounded up slaves from the interior and brought them to the coast • Europeans bought them and shipped them to America

26. Slave Trade begins in 1500’s *Middle passage The middle leg of the trade network Manufactured goods from Europe, raw materials from America and slaves from Africa The passage was brutal 2 million slaves died during the voyage

27. *The Columbian Exchange • Migration of people and their stuff • New plants • New animals • Technology • Disease Old World Horses, Cattle, Pigs, Sheep, Goats, Chickens Rice, Wheat, Barley, Oats, Coffee,Sugarcane, Bananas, Melons, Olives, Dandelions Smallpox, Measles, Chicken Pox,Malaria,Yellow Fever,Influenza,The Common Cold New World Dogs, llamas, guinea pigs, Turkeys Corn, Potatoes, Beans, Tobacco, Peanuts, Squash, Peppers, Tomatoes, Pumpkins, Pineapples, Cacao, Chicle, Papayas, Tapioca, Guavas, Avocados Syphilis

28. By 1700's new foods and technologies had spread worldwide At the same time the world experienced a population explosion *The rise of capitalism (buy low, sell high) Entrepreneurs took the risks necessary to make a profit Adopted Arab bookkeeping to show profit and lost Joint stock companies pooled funds from many investors Began to use put out systems (cottage industry) Which led to the industrial revolution The fierce competition for trade and empire, created a policy of *mercantilism Colonies existed to enrich the parent nation Supply the raw material Buy the manufactured goods Leads to *Imperialism Effects of the Exchange

29. Stay TunedThe Age of Absolutismis coming

30. Summary Summarize your notes using at least four sentences.