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Chapter 2 Before the First Global Age Prehistory - 1600

Chapter 2 Before the First Global Age Prehistory - 1600. Section 1 The First Civilizations of the Americas. Explain how people first reached the Americas. Describe the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations. Summarize the development if early cultures in North America.

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Chapter 2 Before the First Global Age Prehistory - 1600

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  1. Chapter 2Before the First Global AgePrehistory - 1600 Section 1 The First Civilizations of the Americas

  2. Explain how people first reached the Americas. • Describe the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations. • Summarize the development if early cultures in North America.

  3. A. Crossing the land bridge 1. Sea levels fall due to glaciers 2. Hunters cross from Siberia 3. Other theories a. Crossed Artic waters by boat b. Europe, Africa, islands in southern Pacific I. Reaching the Americas

  4. B. Adapting to New Conditions 1. Last ice age ended 12,000 years ago 2. People trapped in new landed 3. Large animals died 4. 5,000 years ago people learned to farm 5. Built permanent villages

  5. II. Olmec Civilization A. Cities marked rise of civilization B. Basic features of civilization 1. Cities 2. Well-organized government 3. Different social classes 4. Complex religion 5. Some method of record keeping C. Oldest known civilization in the Americas 1. Gulf of Mexico 3,500 years ago 2. Studied stars and calendar

  6. Earliest known 1500 B. C. Gulf of Mexico Rich tombs and temples Giant carved heads found near a religious center No pack animals or wheel OLMECS

  7. III. The Mayas A. Lived in rain forests of what is now Guatemala and Mexico B. Farmers were able to grow great amounts of food C. Social classes 1.Priests 2. Nobles 3. Laborers and farmers 4. Slaves

  8. C. Advances in Learning 1. Impressive advances in astronomy and mathematics 2. System of numbers 3. Concept of zero D. 900 AD cities are abandoned 1. Drought? 2. Warfare?

  9. Mayan Decline Theories • 850 Mayan cities were abandoned • Lost cities remained hidden in the dense forests of Central America • Unsure….taxes? Soil depletion? religion? • Mayan people and language survive in CA • Poor, peasants • High level of civilization lost

  10. IV. The Aztecs A. Nomads who settled near Lake Texcoco ( tay SKOH koh) B. Tenochtitlan (tay noch tee TLAHN) 1. Island in the middle of the lake 2. System of causeways (raised roads made of packed earth) 3. Floating gardens 4. Large markets, 60,000 people

  11. C. Religion 1. Complex calendars 2. Sun God 3. Every day Sun required human sacrifice just to rise D. A powerful empire 1. Gulf to Pacific Ocean 2. Millions of people 3. Many revolts 4. Huge taxes 5. Conquered people eager for revenge

  12. Emperor as God

  13. V. The Incas A. One of largest empires in the Americas B. Center was city of Cuzco (KOO skoh) in the Andes C. Well organized empire 1. Teams of runners brought messages to emperor 2. Quipu (Kee poo) for record keeping 3. Built terraces for farming on mountainsides

  14. VI. Early Cultures of North America A. Flow of products and ideas helped lead to the development of many distinct cultures in North America B. Culture – entire way of life of a people C. People of the Southwest 1. Hohokoms a. Arizona b. Networks of irrigation ditches

  15. 2. Anasazis a. Four Corners – Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet b. Irrigated the desert c. Network of roads D. Anasazi Houses 1. Adobe – sun-dried brick 2. Pueblos – Spanish for village 3. Built cliff homes to escape threat of attack

  16. E. Mound Builders 1. From 3,000 years ago 2. Appalachian Mountains to Missisippi River, Wisconsin to Florida 3. Purposes a. Burials b. Religious ceremonies 4. Hopewells and Mississippians are best known

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