1 / 20

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems: Coordination and Homeostasis

Explore how the nervous and endocrine systems coordinate the body's functions and maintain homeostasis. Learn about the anatomy of neurons, transmission of signals, resting and action potentials, and the role of myelin. Discover the structure of synapses and the different types of nervous systems in animals. Gain insights into the evolution of the brain and its adaptation to different lifestyles.

guillermoross
Download Presentation

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems: Coordination and Homeostasis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nervous System: The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate other systems of the body and they maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system produces chemical messengers that are transported through the circulatory system. It requires seconds, minutes or hours. The nervous system is more rapid, requiring only thousandths of a second.

  2. Neurons: Basic functional Units of the Nervous System • Neuron anatomy • In most neurons, axon is covered by a lipid sheath called myelin In neurons, ________ receive signals and ________ transmit signals. 1. dendrites; axons 2. cell body; dendrites 3. axons; dendrites 4. cell body; axons

  3. Nervous system transmits messages chemically and electrically Along the neuron, message is transmitted electrically by pumping ions across membrane Between neurons (synapse) message is transmitted chemically by releasing neurotransmitters

  4. Resting pontential Choose the set that includes the most charged compounds that are more abundant inside neurons, in the cytosol, than outside the neurons, in the extracellular fluid. chloride ions and proteins proteins and sodium ions sodium and chloride ions sodium and potassium ions potassium ions and proteins The resting potential of a resting neuron is defined as __________. the stimulus the difference in charge across the plasma membrane the action potential a synaptic cleft

  5. Sending an electrical signal through a neuron • Resting Potential inside of membrane is - charged 2. Receiving signal from anterior neuron 3. Action Potential area inside of membrane is + charged 4. Propagation of action potential change moves along neuron membrane (domino effect) Myelin: insulates, no transmission of impulse Nerve impulse jumps from one node to next  impulse is faster

  6. Passing the information form a neuron to the next one

  7. Dendrites • Checkpoint: How does the structure of a synapse ensure that signals pass only in one direction, from a sending neuron to a receiving cell? Myelin sheath Receiving cell body Axon Synaptic terminals SEM 5,000x

  8. Advantage of a very long neuron? 4 feet 15 feet

  9. Nervous system: Receives, interprets, sends Sensory receptor  Sensory neuron  Interneuron  Motor neuron  Effector cell Central NS (brain and spinal chord): integrates information Peripheral NS (nerves): communicates central nervous system and body

  10. Diverse Nervous Systems have evolved in the Animal Kingdom Sponges possess genes for many of the proteins that make up synaptic structures. The simplest and presumably most primitive form of nervous system is termed a NERVE NET is found in Cnidarians

  11. Eyespot Brain Brain Radial nerve Nerve cords Ventral nerve cord Nerve Transverse nerve ring Nerve net Segmental ganglia (a) Hydra (cnidarian) (b) Sea star (echinoderm) (c) Planarian (flatworm) (d) Leech (annelid) Brain Ganglia Brain Anterior nerve ring Spinal cord (dorsal nerve cord) Ventral nerve cord Brain Sensory ganglia Longitudinal nerve cords Ganglia Segmental ganglia (e) Insect (arthropod) (f) Chiton (mollusc) (g) Squid (mollusc) (h) Salamander(vertebrate)

  12. Nervous Systems of Animals with Bilateral Symmetry Exhibit Centralization Centralization of nervous systems organization of the integrating neurons into central areas Nerve cords: aggregations of neurons into along the length of the animal Ventral nerve cord in most invertebrates Dorsal nerve cord in chordates

  13. Chordates have a dorsalnerve cord

  14. Nervous Systems of Animals with Bilateral Symmetry Exhibit Centralization and Cephalization Cephalization is the concentration of nervous structures and functions at one end of the body In the most primitive of centralized nervous systems, each region of the CNS largely controls just its own zone or segment of the body These regions are called ganglia A brain differs from a ganglion by the following characteristics: (1) a brain coordinates the entire body, not just restricted segments; (2) it has functionally specialized parts

  15. http://www.pbs.org/your-inner-fish/watch/

  16. The evolution of the brain fits with the lifestyle of the animal Lamprey Shark ANCESTRAL VERTEBRATE Ray-finned fish Amphibian Crocodilian Bird Mammal

More Related