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BellRinger #XX

BellRinger #XX. Why do you think the Middle Ages are also called the Dark Ages?. Should they have really been called the “Dark Ages?”. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDe9DCx7Wk. Arab and Islamic Empires. A Review of Islam Founded by Muhammad c. 570 in Arabia

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BellRinger #XX

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  1. BellRinger #XX • Why do you think the Middle Ages are also called the Dark Ages?

  2. Should they have really been called the “Dark Ages?” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDe9DCx7Wk

  3. Arab and Islamic Empires • A Review of Islam • Founded by Muhammad c. 570 in Arabia • Monotheistic religion that drew from Judaism and Christianity - Allah • Holy book is the Qur'an or Koran • Teaches Muslims the 5 Pillars

  4. Arab and Islamic Empires • Arabs conquered a large area, which extended from the Indus River to the north African coast of the Mediterranean, to Spain and southern France (632 and 732): they brought their language, their culture, and their religion to these territories, 50% of the once great Roman Empire. 

  5. Muslim Armies Conquered Many Lands • Abu Bakr (UH-boo BAK-uhr) • First Caliph • Successor • Ruled according to the Qur’an • Made Arabia a unified Muslim State

  6. Beginnings of an Empire • Muslim Leaders turned their attention elsewhere • Persian Empire • Byzantine Empire • Christians and Jews could continue to practice • However, they had certain rules to follow

  7. Growth of the Empire • Early Caliphs came from the Umayyad (oom-EYE-yuhd) family • Moved the capital to Damascus • Took over lands in Central Asia and Northern India • Controlled trade in Eastern Mediterranean • Conquered parts of N. Africa • Berbers resisted initially, then many converted

  8. Growth of the Empire Cont’d • In 711 Arab and Berber Army conquers Spain • Army continues to what is now France, but is defeated by a Christian army near the city of Tours • Moors ruled most of Spain for 700 years • In 749 a new Islamic dynasty, the Abbasids (uh-BAS-idz) gain power • Reorganized the government making it easier to rule

  9. Trade Helps to Spread Islam • Along with their goods, Arab merchants took Islamic beliefs to India, Africa, and South East Asia • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LowP8zYHDYA • DO THE QUICK WRITE

  10. *A Mix of Cultures • Muslims generally practiced religious tolerance • They did not ban all religions in their lands • Christians and Jews kept most of their rights • Had to pay a special tax • Forbidden from converting anyone • Many that were conquered converted to Islam • Cultures began to blend • Arabic language • Islam becomes a religion to many cultures • Language helped to unify

  11. *Growth of Cities • Trade: • brought people together • created wealth • supported cultural development • The process of growing or improving

  12. *Growth of Cities Cont’d • Baghdad • Capital of Islamic Empire in 762 • Trade and farming made rich • Caliphs supported Science and arts • Center of culture and learning • Cordoba • By early 900s was the largest & most advanced city in Europe

  13. Three Muslim Empires • Non-Arab Muslim groups built large powerful Empires in Europe, Asia, and Africa • Ottoman Empire • Turkish warriors • Janissaries – slave soldiers *VERY FIERCE FIGHTERS* • 1453 Mehmed II (the Conqueror) Used gunpowder to conquer Constantinople • Spreads east through Anatolia (pg 365) • Suleyman I (The Magnificent) • Empire reaches its height

  14. Three Muslim Empires Cont’d • The Safavid Empire • Persian Muslims (took over present day Iran) • Came into conflict with Ottomans and other Muslims • Disagreement about who should be Caliph • Mid-600s Islam splits into 2 groups • Shia – Muhammad’s descendents should be Caliph • Sunni – Caliphs did not have to be related to Muhammad • Ottomans were Sunnis and Safavids were Shia

  15. The Safavid Empire Cont’d • Began in 1501 • Safavid leader Esma’il conquered Persia • Esma’il takes Persian title Shah, or King • Made Shiism the official religion • He wanted to spread it further but failed • Lost to Ottomans • 1588 greatest Safavid leader, ‘Abbas becomes Shah • Took back lands lost to Ottomans • Safavids blend Persian and Muslim cultural traditions • Esfahan, the capital grew wealthy from trade • Built beautiful mosques • Lasted until mid-1700s

  16. The Mughal Empire • East of the Safavid Empire, in northern India • Turkish Muslims from Central Asia • Established in 1526 by Babur (BAH-boohr) • Mid 1500s Akbar conquered new lands • Ended tax on non-Muslims • Allowed Hindus and Muslims to live peacefully

  17. The Mughal Empire Cont’d • Unique culture • blended Persian, Islamic, and Hindu elements • Became known for their Architecture • TajMahal • Tomb built by Shah Jahan • Late 1600s an emperor reversed Akbar’s policies • Destroyed Hindu temples • Riots broke out • Mughal Empire soon fell apart

  18. Islamic Empire Map • This is worth 20 pts!! • You may work alone or with A PARTNER (this means 1 other person) • Your map must include the following elements: • The Ottoman Empire and capital (5 pts) • The Safavid Empire and capital (5 pts) • A Key that indicates expansion and the capitals (5 pts) • Must be colorful and creative • *HINT: Use the maps from pages 365, 366, and 367 in your books

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