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Earth s Many Cycles

Chapter Outline. Cycles Small and LargeThe Hydrologic CycleThe Atmospheric CycleThe Rock Cycle. Cycles Small and Large. . Recycling. Where did the aluminum can go?Atoms last virtually foreverDifferent formsLava flow bonded to oxygenSolid rockSoilAluminum metalRecycling saves energy. The Nature of Earth's Cycle.

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Earth s Many Cycles

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    1. Earth’s Many Cycles Chapter 18

    2. Chapter Outline Cycles Small and Large The Hydrologic Cycle The Atmospheric Cycle The Rock Cycle

    3. Cycles Small and Large

    4. Recycling Where did the aluminum can go? Atoms last virtually forever Different forms Lava flow bonded to oxygen Solid rock Soil Aluminum metal Recycling saves energy

    5. The Nature of Earth’s Cycle Earth materials move in cycles A change in one cycle affects the others Atoms constantly moving and recycling Reservoirs Hydrologic cycle Atmospheric cycle Rock cycle Heat Hot?cold Sources Sun Geothermal processes

    6. The Hydrologic Cycle

    7. Reservoirs of Water Amount of water on earth is fixed Major repositories Ice caps Glaciers Unseen reservoirs Groundwater aquifers

    8. Movements of Water Between Reservoirs Hydrologic cycle Short-term transfer of water between ocean and land

    9. Ocean Currents Redistribute heat across planet

    10. Chemical Cycles in the Oceans Chemicals in constant motion Saltiness Constant over several hundred million years Primarily determined by Na+ and Cl- ions Residence time Chemical cycle

    11. Ice Ages Ice Age Water locked in glaciers Glaciers advance from poles Current ice age Interglacial period Earth’s total water is fixed Ice caps, glaciers grow Sea level drops

    12. Milankovitch Cycles Milankovitch Serbian civil engineer Relationship between earth and sun are affected by variations in earth’s rotation and orbit Precession Change in angle of axis of rotation

    13. The Atmospheric Cycle

    14. Air Masses: Reservoirs of the Atmosphere Air mass Uniform temperature and moisture Weather State of the atmosphere Climate Long-term average of weather

    15. Weather Five variables define state of atmosphere Temperature Ground level Air pressure Decreases with altitude Jet stream Humidity Atmospheric water content Cloudiness Concentration of water droplets Prevailing winds Consequence of atmospheric convection

    16. The General Circulation of the Atmosphere Circulation powered by Sun Air heated and rises Cools and sinks Prevailing winds Caused by earth’s rotation

    17. Common Storms and Weather Patterns Severe weather Tropical storms Hurricanes typhoons Tornadoes Weather cycle El Nino

    18. Climate Little change over short periods Influences on climate Large bodies of water Ocean currents Mountain ranges Earth’s climate Movement of tectonic plates

    19. Understanding Climate Long-term climate Oceans Mountains Sunlight Amount radiated back to space Prediction Global circulation models

    20. The Rock Cycle

    21. Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks Solidify from hot liquid Types Extrusive Solidify at surface Intrusive Solidify below surface

    22. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rock From grains of weathered rock Formation Compaction Cementation Examples Sandstone Shale Limestone

    23. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rock Pressure and heat Not enough heat to melt Examples Slate Schists Gneisses Quartzite

    24. The Story of Marble Marble Metamorphic rock Process of formation Begin as limestone Subjected to heat and pressure Erosion exposes rocks

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