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Chapter Outline. Cycles Small and LargeThe Hydrologic CycleThe Atmospheric CycleThe Rock Cycle. Cycles Small and Large. . Recycling. Where did the aluminum can go?Atoms last virtually foreverDifferent formsLava flow bonded to oxygenSolid rockSoilAluminum metalRecycling saves energy. The Nature of Earth's Cycle.
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1. Earth’s Many Cycles Chapter 18
2. Chapter Outline Cycles Small and Large
The Hydrologic Cycle
The Atmospheric Cycle
The Rock Cycle
3. Cycles Small and Large
4. Recycling Where did the aluminum can go?
Atoms last virtually forever
Different forms
Lava flow bonded to oxygen
Solid rock
Soil
Aluminum metal
Recycling saves energy
5. The Nature of Earth’s Cycle Earth materials move in cycles
A change in one cycle affects the others
Atoms constantly moving and recycling
Reservoirs
Hydrologic cycle
Atmospheric cycle
Rock cycle
Heat
Hot?cold
Sources
Sun
Geothermal processes
6. The Hydrologic Cycle
7. Reservoirs of Water Amount of water on earth is fixed
Major repositories
Ice caps
Glaciers
Unseen reservoirs
Groundwater
aquifers
8. Movements of Water Between Reservoirs Hydrologic cycle
Short-term transfer of water between ocean and land
9. Ocean Currents Redistribute heat across planet
10. Chemical Cycles in the Oceans Chemicals in constant motion
Saltiness
Constant over several hundred million years
Primarily determined by Na+ and Cl- ions
Residence time
Chemical cycle
11. Ice Ages Ice Age
Water locked in glaciers
Glaciers advance from poles
Current ice age
Interglacial period
Earth’s total water is fixed
Ice caps, glaciers grow
Sea level drops
12. Milankovitch Cycles Milankovitch
Serbian civil engineer
Relationship between earth and sun are affected by variations in earth’s rotation and orbit
Precession
Change in angle of axis of rotation
13. The Atmospheric Cycle
14. Air Masses: Reservoirs of the Atmosphere Air mass
Uniform temperature and moisture
Weather
State of the atmosphere
Climate
Long-term average of weather
15. Weather Five variables define
state of atmosphere
Temperature
Ground level
Air pressure
Decreases with altitude
Jet stream
Humidity
Atmospheric water content
Cloudiness
Concentration of water droplets
Prevailing winds
Consequence of atmospheric convection
16. The General Circulation of the Atmosphere Circulation powered by Sun
Air heated and rises
Cools and sinks
Prevailing winds
Caused by earth’s rotation
17. Common Storms and Weather Patterns Severe weather
Tropical storms
Hurricanes
typhoons
Tornadoes
Weather cycle
El Nino
18. Climate Little change over short periods
Influences on climate
Large bodies of water
Ocean currents
Mountain ranges
Earth’s climate
Movement of tectonic plates
19. Understanding Climate Long-term climate
Oceans
Mountains
Sunlight
Amount radiated back to space
Prediction
Global circulation models
20. The Rock Cycle
21. Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks
Solidify from hot liquid
Types
Extrusive
Solidify at surface
Intrusive
Solidify below surface
22. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rock
From grains of weathered rock
Formation
Compaction
Cementation
Examples
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
23. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rock
Pressure and heat
Not enough heat to melt
Examples
Slate
Schists
Gneisses
Quartzite
24. The Story of Marble Marble
Metamorphic rock
Process of formation
Begin as limestone
Subjected to heat and pressure
Erosion exposes rocks