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IDENTITY DYNAMICS IN FRANCE A FIELD ACTIVITY REPORT by Karim Bouhassoun, ANELD Organization

Youth in Action - 4th Nov. 2011 Strasbourg. IDENTITY DYNAMICS IN FRANCE A FIELD ACTIVITY REPORT by Karim Bouhassoun, ANELD Organization. Immigration and inclusion : definitions. Foreigner : foreign-born resident in France Immigrant : foreign-born with French nationality

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IDENTITY DYNAMICS IN FRANCE A FIELD ACTIVITY REPORT by Karim Bouhassoun, ANELD Organization

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  1. Youth in Action - 4th Nov. 2011 Strasbourg IDENTITY DYNAMICS IN FRANCE A FIELD ACTIVITY REPORTby Karim Bouhassoun, ANELD Organization

  2. Immigration and inclusion : definitions Foreigner : foreign-born resident in France Immigrant : foreign-born with French nationality Descendant : parents (children, grandchildren ...) of foreigners and immigrants with French nationality Sub-Saharan Africa : French-speaking Africa

  3. A short history of immigration in France • An old phenomenon : from the 18 th century to the present • An overview of today • 15,4 M people with a foreign background (25%, over 63 M) • 5,1 M immigrants • 6,5 M direct descendants of immigrants • 3,6 M foreigners • Immigrants are mainly of African origin • In 2008, of 11,6 M people composed of immigrants (5,1 millions) and direct descendants (6,5 millions), or 19 % of the population, 5.5 M are from Europe and 4 M from North Africa • Legal immigration (2010) is about 180 000 new migrants a year, of which 135 000 outside the European Union Source : Eurostat, INED, INSEE

  4. French residency by country of nationality - 2006

  5. French secularism and ethnicity Republican principles : freedom, equality, fraternity, secularism (added in 1905) and a certain vision of the social contract Citizenship French society has become increasingly sensitive to the debate on integration, citizenship and Islam integration policies based on an absolute defense of republican principles are not well received by minorities “the wearing of signs or dress by which pupils overtly manifest a religious affiliation is prohibited.” Law on religious symbols in public schools, 2004 "The school programs recognize in particular the positive role of the French presence overseas, notably in North Africa” Law on recognition of the Nation, 2005

  6. Racial discrimination – Non europeans employment rate Source : INED

  7. unemployment rate among descendants of immigrants Source : INED

  8. Proportion of people who reported experiencingdiscrimination in the past five years Source : INED

  9. The French Paradox Source : INED

  10. Which of these sentences is closest to what you think? Source : INED

  11. « Les banlieues  » : from riots to hope • disadvantaged suburbs: urban areas located around the central city • What are the features or criteria ? • Geography • Economy • Sociology • Culture • Ethnicity • Psychology ? …

  12. « Les banlieues  » : the example of Seine-Saint-Denis

  13. « Les banlieues  » : 2005 - social or ethnic riots ? • What happened ? • Why ? • Geography • Economy • Sociology • Culture • Ethnicity • Psychology ? …

  14. « Les banlieues  » : the example of Seine-Saint-Denis

  15. « Les banlieues  » : the example of Seine-Saint-Denis

  16. Cultural diversity and identity construction Statements on cultural diversity and the construction of identity If you help a foreigner, the social initiatives you lead must take cultural difference as a fact Social integration initiatives (towards the nationals) are normality, provided that you help someone who is poor and marginalized, not a “foreigner” For second generation immigrants inclusion : the most important feature is self-esteem (Mixity = curiosity, Curiosity = openness, Openness = enrichment, Enrichment = positive self-esteem)

  17. State inclusion policies in France “Défenseur des droits”, the French Ombudsman, a catch-all institution The Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and co-development “Haut Conseil à l’intégration” (a ‘forum for reflection and proposals’) (Website down) My nephew, Nadir “Un Islam de France”… what about secularism ???

  18. Review of field activities (1): youth participation to culture • “La fontaine aux images” and “360 Degrés Sud” • Clichy-sous-Bois : epicenter of the riots • Involving young people into cultural programmes • Exporting culture in the blocks • Lessons learned • discovering a new culture is not abandoning your culture • culture, while being a subject of leisure and work, has a strong and cohesive educational function • For the youth : a need to conquer and hold strong benchmarks in areas where Republican imagery is rejected

  19. Review of field activities (2): youth political involvment • Observation : • Public policy towards immigrants effectiveness needs new legitimacy • Poor and excluded immigrants lack political representation • Social policy, not communitarianism • Actions : • International, national and regional coordination of activism • Support for candidates from cultural diversity • Lessons learned • Marginalization transformed into inclusion • Appropriation of the public space • The backbones of immigrants inclusion policies are immigrants themselves

  20. Conclusion and debate • Bet !!! • Importance of local initiatives and long term initiatives • Involve families • Free youth autonomy • No universal rule on the identity construction dynamics, but psychological obstacles to identify and overcome

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