1 / 21

Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy. . To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform , 10th edition Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato  Pearson Education, 2009. The Roots of Bureaucracy.

gus
Download Presentation

Chapter 9 The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy  To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform, 10th edition Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato  Pearson Education, 2009

  2. The Roots of Bureaucracy • Foreign Affairs, War, Treasury first departments, AND Office of Attorney General(legal advisor) • Growth in early 1800s with Post Office due to westward expansion – Major source of jobs • Patronage and the spoils system become common (What is the key difference?) • Civil War spawns another expansion due to food distribution problems – Department of Agriculture is created (1889)

  3. Pendleton Act (1883) is beginning of civil service system in response to massive turnover when a new president was elected. • Also known as merit system. • Initiated by Garfield before assassination • Unfair business practices leads to creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) • First independent regulatory commission. • Railroad companies charging exorbinant rates for freight • Marks shift from service to regulatory bureaucracy • ons

  4. Twentieth-Century Bureaucracy • Growing number of cabinet departments. • Dept. of Commerce and Labor to oversee employer/employee relationships • Divided into two separate depts by Wilson • Addressed problems associated with monopolies and poor working conditions of employees • Federal Trade Commission (FTC) protect small business and public from monopolistic corporations. • 16th Amendment to support new federal agencies with funds

  5. Need for a larger government to support wars. • Increase in manufacturing • Tax increases (have never fallen back to pre-war levels) • Veteran’s demands for services led to bigger government (GI Bill - Educational loans and low mortgage rates FHA loans) • Led to specifications in new home construction • Affordable middle-class housing was a new concept • New Deal and Great Society (LBJ and FDR) • Focus on Pressing Social Problems • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission • Department of Transportation • Department of Housing and Urban Development

  6. Modern Bureaucracy • More than 2.7 million employees. • Most are selected based on merit. • Also have high-level appointees. • Wide variety of skills represented. • Less diverse than America. • Scattered throughout D.C. and regional offices. • Growth of outside contractors.

  7. Formal Organization • Cabinet departments handle broad, lasting issues. • Headed by secretaries. • Government corporations act like businesses. • Independent executive agencies handle services. • Narrower than Cabinet department, independent. • Independent regulatory commissions watch industry. • Designed to be free from partisan pressure.

  8. Government Workers and Politics • Hatch Act sets first boundaries. • Federal Employees Political Act is current standard.

  9. Characteristics of Bureaucracy • Chain of command from top to bottom. • Division of labor. • Clear lines of authority. • Goal orientation. • Merit system. • Productivity.

  10. How the Bureaucracy Works • Congress creates agencies. • Main job is implementation of laws. • Policy made in iron triangles or issue networks. • Increasing use of interagency councils.

  11. Making Policy • Administrative discretion allows a lot of latitude. • Rule-making is a quasi-legislative process. • Formal procedure for making regulations. • Administrative adjudication is quasi-judicial process. • Used to settle disputes between two parties.

  12. Agency Accountability • Unclear who agencies should be accountable to. • Presidents try to make the right appointments. • Can also shape policy through executive orders. • Congress can use oversight powers and funding. • Police patrol v. fire alarm oversight. • Judiciary can review regulations.

  13. AV- Growth of Government  Back

  14. Figure 9.1- Civilian Employment  Back

  15. Figure 9.2- Employee Characteristics  Back

  16. Figure 9.3- Agency Regions  Back

  17. Figure 9.4- The Executive Branch  Back

  18. Figure 9.5- An Iron Triangle  Back

  19. Figure 9.6- Rulemaking  Back

  20. Table 9.1- FEPA  Back

  21. Table 9.2- Agency Accountability  Back

More Related