New Horizon College English Book II

1. New Horizon College EnglishBook II Unit 2 Section A Iron and the Effects of Exercise

2. Contents I. Background Information II. Pre-reading Activities III. Text Analysis– Structure IV. Intensive reading V. Writing skill VI.Exercises

3. I. Background Information • ① digestive system • The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. • ② Medicine &Science in Sports & Exercise • It is a multidisciplinary journal featuring original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science.

4. II. Pre-reading Activities • Listen to the short passage twice and answer questions • ① Why do women often not have enough iron in their bodies? • Reference key: Because they eat too restricted diet. • ② If iron levels are low, what problems can women experience? • Reference key: They may feel tired, weak and breathless. • ③ What can you eat to get iron and what disadvantages can these supplements sometimes have? • Reference key: The types of food containing iron include: meat, chicken, fish, etc. Iron supplements are only of limited value and sometimes can be poisonous.

5. Script • Women and especially female athletes often have a deficiency of iron in their bodies. This is often because they eat too restricted a diet. New research suggests that even moderate levels of exercise can actually cause lower levels of iron in females. This can cause them to feel tired, weak and breathless. Women often have such a deficiency because they do not eat enough of the correct types of food to get iron: meat, chicken, fish, etc. One reason is that they choose to avoid these foods to control their weight. Iron supplements are only of limited value and sometimes can be poisonous. The research results indicate that active women should not forget the importance of iron in their diet. back

6. III. Text Analysis-- Structure • Part 1(Para 1-3)Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. There are three groups of people who are likely to suffer from iron deficiency. • Part 2(Para 4-6)Iron deficiency is very common among women. The causes for iron deficiency among women. • Part 3(Para 7-12)The effects of iron deficiency on people’s health and the importance of checking iron reserves.

7. IV. Intensive reading • Part I(Para 1-3): • There are three groups of people who are likely to suffer from iron deficiency. Who are they? You can find the answers in paras.1,2, and 3 respectively.

8. (Para.1) Sports medicine experts have observed that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. • (Para.2) A new study shows that inactive women who started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss. • (Para.3) The new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.

9. 1. Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. (Ll-2) • endurancen. 忍耐，忍耐力 • e.g. He showed remarkable endurance throughout his struggle with the cancer. • 在整个与癌症作斗争期间，他表现出非同一般的忍受能力。 • Long distance runners need great endurance. • 长跑运动员需要有很大的耐力

10. 2. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researcher suggests that even moderateexercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. (L2-4) • moderatea. 中等的，适中的，适度的 • a moderate speed 中速 • e.g. The room is of moderate size — just right for a small family. • 这间屋中等大小，正好适合一个小家庭住。

11. 3. Women whoconsumedadditional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back. (L10-11) • 1) consumevt. 吃，喝；消耗，花费(尤指大量的) • e.g. He consumes vast quantities of meat with every meal. • 他每顿饭都吃很多肉。 • His old car consumed much gasoline. • 他的旧汽车耗油很多。 • （扩展）consumption n. • consumer n.

12. 2) bounce back恢复正常，恢复过来 • e.g. You have to learn to bounce back from your failure in the entrance examination. • 你必须学会从这次入学考试的失败中恢复过来。 • Young people usually bounce back a bit more quickly than old people when they catch diseases. • 年轻人得病时通常要比老年人恢复得快一些。

13. Part 2 :(Para 4-6) :Q: There are 4 general causes for iron deficiency. What are they ? • 1. Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in; • 2. women's monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss; • 3. many women increase their risk of iron loss by rejecting red meat; • 4. women are liable to experience a deficiency as a result of restricting their diet in weight control

14. 1. Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. (L13-14) • 1) in general大体上；通常 • e.g. It is often said that women in general like to shop for new clothes. • 据说女人通常喜欢买新衣服。

15. 2) respectively:(ad.) each separately in the order mentioned • e.g. She gave beer to the man and a toy to the baby, respectively. • 她分别给男人啤酒，给婴儿一个玩具。 • （辨异）respective, respectable, respectful 和 respecting 的比较: respective, respectable, respectful 均为形容词，而 respecting 为介词。

16. respective, respectable, respectful, respecting • respectivea. 分别的，各自的 • The department store provides a variety of goods to meet the respective needs of the customers. • 这家百货店提供各种各样的商品，满足顾客的各自需要。 • respectable a. 可敬的，值得尊敬的（暗含被动意义） • Her grandfather is a respectable old professor. • 他爷爷是个令人尊敬的老教授。 • respectful a. 恭敬的，尊敬人的（暗含主动意义） • The boy is always respectful to aged people. • 这男孩对老人总是彬彬有礼。 • respecting prep. 关于，由于 • These are problems respecting population control. • 这是一些关于控制人口的问题

17. 2. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. (L14-15) • up to:至多，多达，直到 • e.g. The hall can take up to 100 people in general. • 这个大厅大体上能容纳100人。

18. 3. "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in". (L16-17) • take in:吸入 • e.g. It's good to stand on top of the hill and take in deep breaths of fresh air. • 站在山顶上，深呼吸几口新鲜空气是有益的

19. 4. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat. (LI 9-21) • red meat红肉，指牛羊肉。白肉指煮好的家禽身上最好吃的部分，如鸡胸脯，也可指小牛肉、猪肉。

20. 5. And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency. (L22-25) • liable:(a.) likely, esp. from habit or tendency • e.g. Mistakes are liable to occur when you're tired or sleepy. • 疲劳或困倦时，很容易出错。 • （扩展）liability n

21. 6. ... may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency. (L28-29) • tip (sb. ) over the edge引起明显变化；（使）进入另一种状态 • e.g. Exercising too much with no iron supplements will tip one over the edge into a more serious deficiency. • 锻炼太多而又未服铁离子补剂，可能改变人体得而含铁量，使之处于严重缺铁状态。

22. Part 3: (7-12) Q: There are 3 stages of iron deficiency. What are they? • 3 stages of iron deficiency: • ①. the first stage no symptoms; • ②. the second stage with not enough iron • ③. and in the third stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath

23. 1. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath. . . (L37-38) • out of breath呼吸急促，气喘吁吁 • e.g. He rushed into the room, red-faced and out of breath. • 他脸色通红，气喘吁吁地冲进房间。

24. 2. ... because traditional methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein that transports oxygen) are not sufficient. (L43-45) • 1) calculate:(vt.) work out or find out by using numbers; compute; estimate • e.g. Our price has already been closely calculated. There is no room for reduction. • 我们的价格是经过精密计算的，没有让步的余地。 • I calculate you'll get there in time. • 我认为你们能及时到那里。 • （扩展）calculation n. • calculable a.

25. 2) sufficient:(a.) enough 足够的 • e.g. Sufficient data have been collected for the building project. • 已经为这项建筑工程收集了充分的资料。 • （扩展）sufficiently ad. • sufficiency n. • insufficient adj.

26. 3. Instead, it's important to check levels of a different compound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. (L45-47) • indicate:(vt.) show; suggest • e.g. A signpost indicated the right road for us to follow. • 路标给我们指出正确的路线。 • I indicated that his help was not welcome. • 我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。 • （扩展）indication n

27. 4. ..., it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet,.. . (L53-54) • 1)undo vt. Remove the effects of; unfasten; untie; • e.g. She undid the string round the parcel. • 她解开了绕在包裹上的绳子。 • In 5 minutes he undid my whole day's work. • 他5分钟之内就把我花一整天做成的事给毁坏了。 • 2)add...to增加 • Packaging can add several pence to the price of food. • 包装会使食物的价格增加几个便士。

28. 5. ... as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process.(L63-64) • derive from:obtain from; com from; • e.g. Old people derive much pleasure both from doing exercise and from chatting with each other. • 老年人不但从运动中得到许多乐趣，他们还从聊天中得到许多乐趣。 • Thousands of English words derive from Latin. • 英语中有成千上万个词源于拉丁语。

29. 6. The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times. (L64-65) • 1) striking:(a.) which draws the attention, esp. because of being attractive or unusual; • e.g. Did you notice a striking contrast between the two explanations? • 你注意到这两种解释的明显差别了吗？ • 2) go up:increase; become higher, as in level; • e.g. I am on a diet. I don't want to keep my weight going up. • 我在节食，我可不想体重不断增加

30. 7. …since substances in these drinks can interferewith iron being absorbed into the body. (L66-67 • interfere with:get in the way of; prevent from working or happening; touch or cause damage to sth. • e.g. I don’t want to interfere with you; proceed with your work. • 我不想打搅你，你继续工作吧。 • （比较）interfere in/into: meddle in; • Don't interfere in matters that don't concern you.

31. 8. ...sums up Purdue's Lyie. (L68-69) • sum up:conclude, draw a conclusion;总结 • e.g. Can you sum up your points of view in a few words? • 你能用几句话总结一下你的观点吗 • Back

32. V. Writing skill • How to write a passage according to the structure of the text?

33. 说明原因型： • （1）用具体数据说明XX现象 －－－ What？ • （2）原因一 －－－ Why？ • （3）原因二 • （4）原因三 • （5）指出主要原因 • （6）解决建议一 －－－ How？ • （7）解决建议二

34. Generation Gap between Parents and Children（范文） • Nowadays, there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation gap. It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).

35. Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that (the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes, thus the disagreement often rises between them). Besides (due to having little in common to talk about, they are not willing to sit face to face). The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of generation gap is due to ( lack of communication and understanding each other).

36. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should respect their parents). On the other hand,( parents also should show solicitude for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap

37. Model： • Nowadays, there are more and more XX in some big cities. It is estimated that (1). • Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that (2) .Besides,(3) . The third reason is (4). To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (5). • It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,(6). On the other hand,(7). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.

38. The Effects of Exercise on Our Health • 1. 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的益处。 （分析某事物的正面效应）2. 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的坏处。 （分析某事物的负面效应）3. 给出如何参加体育锻炼的建议。 （给出怎样对待该事物的建议

39. Model： • As is known to all, sth. does bring a lot of benefits to sb. / sth. else. First, it can greatly strengthen …, thereby changing …for the better.(正面分析I) Besides, it can make sb. / sth. else better able to… (正面分析II) And best of all, it can help sb.… (正面分析III) • But all the above does not mean that we can turn a blind eye to the negative effects sth. brings about. If…, as a succession of scientific studies reveals, there are more chances that… (负面分析I) In addition, the more ...,the worse... (负面分析II) And worst of all, … (负面分析III) • Therefore, a scientific approach must be adopted to the problem of sth. 10) On the one hand, …(建议I) On the other hand, ... (建议II) In sum, sth. can do sb. / sth. else good or harm, all depending on … (结论句)

40. Task • Write a composition according to the model with the title The Effects of Exercise on Our Health

41. Story Summary • Cloze

42. The End