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Electrification

Explore the concept of electrification to decarbonize, distribute, and transform our energy systems. Discover the challenges, opportunities, and key technologies driving the shift towards clean electricity in transportation, buildings, and peripherals. Learn how distributed systems can enhance resiliency, security, and equity in the grid.

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Electrification

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  1. Electrification • The Concept: Electrify Everything, Decarbonize Electricity, DISTRIBUTE • The Challenges: Resiliency, Security, Equity • The Opportunities • Transportation • Buildings • Peripherals

  2. Electrification: Concept • Decarbonization = phase out fossil fuels • Viable, affordable clean electricity is greater reality than other non-fossil options, so … • Clean Up Electricity • Electrify everything

  3. Electrification • NREL 2017 • Key tech incl • Light and heavy duty vehicles and buses • Air source heat pumps • Heat pump water heaters

  4. Electrification

  5. Electrification: Challenges • Supply and Demand trajectories • Resiliency • Security • Equity • Transmission before storage

  6. Electrification: Distributed • If one were to design the grid today … • Distributed systems are more resilient • They are potentially much more secure • They can contribute to greater equity • Ownership matters for ALL the above • Plus universal economic development • Enough load growth to go round

  7. Electrification: take-aways (NREL) • Multiple pathways, but don’t have to have all answers NOW (80% rule) • Electrification = doubling of electrical generation, but 2.6% growth rate slightly LESS than 1980-2000 growth rate • Renewables, NGCC, transmission, storage … • “Despite the large growth in total electricity consumption and the associated increase in peak load, flexibility in incremental load (and opportunities for load shifting) serves to drive down the peak-to-average load ratio. In other words, the hourly load shape becomes smoother or less “peaky,” and as a result, new generation resources are built largely for serving energy as opposed to meeting peak load requirements, increasing the overall efficiency of power system operation.”

  8. Transportation: US’s Largest Greenhouse Gas Sector

  9. EVs: A win-win-win • Good for the Environment • Good for Customer’s pocketbook • Good for Utilities

  10. Cleaner over Time • As Electricity becomes cleaner, so does your car

  11. Save on Fuel Costs

  12. Save on Maintenance

  13. Eventually, Save on Upfront Costs

  14. EVs: Good for the Utilities • Load Growth • Proper incentives and market signals can ensure charging happens outside of grid peak • Timing of charging is very important to avoid need for additional buildout of grid

  15. Time Your Charging

  16. Set Rates to Encourage EV Adoption and Off-Peak Charging

  17. Local Options • Alliant Energy – Time of Day Pricing • 50% Discount on energy cost during off-peak • 40% Premium on energy cost during peak • Peak is 7am to 8pm • MiEnergy – EV Charging Rate • Separate Submeter

  18. Local Options

  19. Possible Decarbonization Strategy

  20. Does it Pay? • Study focused on 4 areas: Oakland CA, Houston TX, Providence RI and Chicago IL • In each case, all-electric homes were cheaper on a 15-year basis – For NEW homes

  21. Does it Pay? • Home Power Magazine example: • 1600 sf home in Maine – colder than Decorah • All-electric • Net-Zero • Minisplit Heat Pump • 6.8 kW solar

  22. Does it Pay? • Remodel/Retrofit was usually cost effective if a Heat-Pump replaced an A/C unit at the end of its useful life • Not typically cost effective to replace an exiting, working AC unit

  23. Does it Pay? • Remodel/Retrofit was cost effective for Propane and Fuel Oil Customers • Conversion to electric does work best for energy-efficient homes. Tight, well-insulated homes need less energy to heat.

  24. Load Flexibility and Monitoring • You can monitor all your electric use. • Water heating especially can be timed to coincide with low prices, or on-site solar consumption

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