340 likes | 673 Views
PUNISHMENT. Chapter 4. PUNISHMENT CONTINGENCY. The immediate, response contingent presentation of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. Aversive Condition.
E N D
PUNISHMENT Chapter 4
PUNISHMENT CONTINGENCY • The immediate, • response contingent presentation • of an aversive condition • resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
Aversive Condition • Any stimulus, event, or condition whose termination immediately following a response increases the frequency of that response = ESCAPE • Any stimulus, event, or condition whose presentation immediately following a response decreases the frequency of that response = PUNISHMENT
Aversive Conditions are necessary to both definitions • ESCAPE • PUNISHMENT
Aversive Conditions • We prefer to minimize contact with these • Electric shock • Smelling a skunk (unpleasant odor) • Jack hammer’s constant drilling • Hot pepper sauce (painful stimuli)
The punishment contingency describes a functional relationshipbetween behavior and the environment.
? or Contingency Table
Graph Frequency
CONTINGENCY The immediate, response contingent presentation of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response PRINCIPLE A response becomes less frequent if an aversive condition or an increase in an aversive condition has immediately followed it in the past. Contingency vs. Principle
Adaptive function of behavior that comes under the control of punishment contingencies • We don’t walk into door frames • We tend not to trip over wires • We don’t burn ourselves on hot stoves
Overcorrection • A contingency on inappropriate behavior requiring the person to engage in an effortful response that more than corrects the effects of the inappropriate behavior.
Sick Social Cycle • The perpetrator’s aversive behavior punishes the victim’s appropriate behavior. And the victim’s stopping the appropriate behavior unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior
Before: Teacher asks Jimmy to do a tough task Behavior: Jimmy disrupts After: Teacher does not ask Jimmy to do a task Behavior: Teacher asks Jimmy to do a tough task After: Jimmy disrupts Before: Jimmy does not disrupt Sick Social Cycle – Victim’s Punishment Model
Page 72 • Fill this in, study it
Chapter 4 enrichment
Punishment Contingency • For every punishment contingency, there’s a reinforcement contingency in the background
Punishment & Reinforcement Reinforcement Contingency Before: No food After: Food Behavior: Lever Press Before: No shock After: Shock Punishment Contingency
Punishment vs. Aggression • Don’t use punishment in wrath • Don’t confuse punishment with divine retribution • Forget the eye-for-an-eye notion.
If you use punishment • Remember: • Make it as short as possible • All you want is to change behavior, not have people atone for their sins.
Independent Variable • The variable the experimenter systematically manipulates • The INTERVENTION
Dependent Variable • A measure of the subject’s behavior
graphs • Value of visual inspection of the data
Multiple BSLN Design • An experimental design in which the replications involve baselines of differing durations and interventions of differing starting times
BSLN INTERVENTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Sessions
Doing Science • Good experimental questions • Good design • Complete descriptions of procedures • Data collection that is accurate & complete
Informed consent • Consent to intervene in a way that is experimental and/or risky • The participant or guardian is informed of the risks and benefits and of the right to stop the intervention.
Social Validity • The goals, procedures, and results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, the behavior analyst, and society.