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PUNISHMENT

PUNISHMENT. Chapter 4. PUNISHMENT CONTINGENCY. The immediate, response contingent presentation of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response. Aversive Condition.

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PUNISHMENT

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  1. PUNISHMENT Chapter 4

  2. PUNISHMENT CONTINGENCY • The immediate, • response contingent presentation • of an aversive condition • resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

  3. Aversive Condition • Any stimulus, event, or condition whose termination immediately following a response increases the frequency of that response = ESCAPE • Any stimulus, event, or condition whose presentation immediately following a response decreases the frequency of that response = PUNISHMENT

  4. Aversive Conditions are necessary to both definitions • ESCAPE • PUNISHMENT

  5. Aversive Conditions • We prefer to minimize contact with these • Electric shock • Smelling a skunk (unpleasant odor) • Jack hammer’s constant drilling • Hot pepper sauce (painful stimuli)

  6. Examples of punishment contingencies

  7. The punishment contingency describes a functional relationshipbetween behavior and the environment.

  8. ? or Contingency Table

  9. Examples of punishment contingencies

  10. Graph Frequency

  11. CONTINGENCY The immediate, response contingent presentation of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency of that response PRINCIPLE A response becomes less frequent if an aversive condition or an increase in an aversive condition has immediately followed it in the past. Contingency vs. Principle

  12. Adaptive function of behavior that comes under the control of punishment contingencies • We don’t walk into door frames • We tend not to trip over wires • We don’t burn ourselves on hot stoves

  13. Application of punishment contingencies

  14. Overcorrection • A contingency on inappropriate behavior requiring the person to engage in an effortful response that more than corrects the effects of the inappropriate behavior.

  15. Sick Social Cycle • The perpetrator’s aversive behavior punishes the victim’s appropriate behavior. And the victim’s stopping the appropriate behavior unintentionally reinforces that aversive behavior

  16. Before: Teacher asks Jimmy to do a tough task Behavior: Jimmy disrupts After: Teacher does not ask Jimmy to do a task Behavior: Teacher asks Jimmy to do a tough task After: Jimmy disrupts Before: Jimmy does not disrupt Sick Social Cycle – Victim’s Punishment Model

  17. Page 72 • Fill this in, study it

  18. Chapter 4 enrichment

  19. Punishment Contingency • For every punishment contingency, there’s a reinforcement contingency in the background

  20. Punishment & Reinforcement Reinforcement Contingency Before: No food After: Food Behavior: Lever Press Before: No shock After: Shock Punishment Contingency

  21. Punishment vs. Aggression • Don’t use punishment in wrath • Don’t confuse punishment with divine retribution • Forget the eye-for-an-eye notion.

  22. If you use punishment • Remember: • Make it as short as possible • All you want is to change behavior, not have people atone for their sins.

  23. Independent Variable • The variable the experimenter systematically manipulates • The INTERVENTION

  24. Dependent Variable • A measure of the subject’s behavior

  25. graphs • Value of visual inspection of the data

  26. Multiple BSLN Design • An experimental design in which the replications involve baselines of differing durations and interventions of differing starting times

  27. BSLN INTERVENTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Sessions

  28. Doing Science • Good experimental questions • Good design • Complete descriptions of procedures • Data collection that is accurate & complete

  29. Informed consent • Consent to intervene in a way that is experimental and/or risky • The participant or guardian is informed of the risks and benefits and of the right to stop the intervention.

  30. Social Validity • The goals, procedures, and results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, the behavior analyst, and society.

  31. Punishment or escape?

  32. What contingency?

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