UNR has Programs for Undergrad, M.S., and Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science!

1. UNR has Programs for Undergrad, M.S., and Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science! Mountain Meteorology Mesoscale Modeling Air Pollution, Atmospheric Chemistry Cloud Physics and Radiation Instrument Development • Undergrad Program: • Part of Physics. • Students intern at UNR, DRI, NWS, etc. • Pat Arnott, Physics, Director. • patarnott@physics.unr.edu • 775-784-6834 • Grad Program: • Interdisciplinary program. • Administered by Physics. • Very strong participation by the Division of Atmospheric Sciences at DRI. • Darko Koracin, DRI, Director. Undergrad Program: http://www.physics.unr.edu/ATMS.html Grad Program: http://www.dri.edu/GradPrograms/gradprogram_atmospheric_sciences.php Student Atmospheric Science Club at UNR: http://www.ametsoc.org/chapters/renotahoe/

2. Earth

3. Atmospheric Science physics climate chemistry fluids, dynamics, physics

4. New Record Hailstone Found in Vivian South Dakota: 7/27/2010 This baby weighed at just under 2 lbs!

5. Atmospheric Science

6. This is the City, Las Vegas Nevada ...

7. 9,000 Years Ago, Throwing Spears at 20’ Giant Sloths Near Las Vegas, Nevada!

8. Bering Strait: Proposed Peace Bridge or Tunnel 2.4 miles between Diomede Islands (Big - Russia,Small - Alaska)

9. Migration from the ‘Old World’ to the ‘New World’ 10, 20, 30 Thousand Years Ago? By a Bering StraitLand Bridge?

10. World Population

12. CO2 Concentration: Annual Cycle (green=plants grow and take up CO2, brown=leaves and plants decay and release CO2)

13. William F. Ruddiman Feb 2005, Sci. Am: How Did Humans First Alter Global Climate? Hypothesis that our ancestors' farming practices kicked off global warming thousands of years before we started burning coal and driving cars

14. Atmospheric Science fluids, dynamics, physics The 850 mb chart shows weather conditions at the 850 mb level or around 5000 feet above sea level. The parameters plotted are temperatures in Celsius (in color contours), heights in white lines and winds plotted as vectors. http://weather.unisys.com/nam/loop/nam_850_loop.html

15. Optical Depth from kext: Liquid Water Path ztop Liquid Water Path zbot Somewhere there has to be an integral over z!

16. Geometrical Optics: Interpret Most Atmospheric Optics from Raindrops and lawn sprinklers (from Wallace and Hobbs CH4) Rainbow from raindrops Primary Rainbow Angle: Angle of Minimum Deviation (turning point) for rays incident with 2 chords in raindrops. Secondary Rainbow Angle: Angle of Minimum Deviation (turning point) for rays incident with 3 chords in raindrops.

17. AMSR Sensor: http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/AMSR/ NASA A-Train In support of the Earth Science Enterprise's goals, NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua Satellite was launched from Vandenberg AFB, California on May 4, 2002 at 02:54:58 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time. The primary goal of Aqua, as the name implies, is to gather information about water in the Earth's system. Equipped with six state-of-the-art instruments, Aqua will collect data on global precipitation, evaporation, and the cycling of water. This information will help scientists all over the world to better understand the Earth's water cycle and determine if the water cycle is accelerating as a result of climate change. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - EOS (AMSR-E) is a one of the six sensors aboard Aqua. AMSR-E is passive microwave radiometer, modified from the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) AMSR, designed and provided by JAXA (contractor: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation).It observes atmospheric, land, oceanic, and cryospheric parameters, including precipitation, sea surface temperatures, ice concentrations, snow water equivalent, surface wetness, wind speed, atmospheric cloud water, and water vapor.

18. Some Energy States of Water Molecules http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/vibrat.html ... of Carbon Dioxide Molecules Vibration modes of carbon dioxide. Mode (a) is symmetric and results in no net displacement of the molecule's "center of charge", and is therefore not associated with the absorption of IR radiation. Modes (b) and (c) do displace the "center of charge", creating a "dipole moment", and therefore are modes that result from EM radiation absorption, and are thus responsible for making CO2 a greenhouse gas. “15 um motion”

19. Atmospheric Transmission: Beer’s Law: I(x)=I0e(-abs x) What are the main sources for each gas? Which gases are infrared active and contribute to greenhouse warming? Which gases significantly absorb solar radiation? Gas concentrations from ‘typical’ midlatitude summer atmosphere. Nitrous oxide is emitted by bacteria in soils and oceans, and thus has been a part of Earth's atmosphere for eons. Agriculture is the main source of human-produced nitrous oxide: cultivating soil, the use of nitrogen fertilizers, and animal waste handling can all stimulate naturally occurring bacteria to produce more nitrous oxide. The livestock sector (primarily cows, chickens, and pigs) produces 65% of human-related nitrous oxide. [1] Industrial sources make up only about 20% of all anthropogenic sources, and include the production of nylon and nitric acid, and the burning of fossil fuel in internal combustion engines. Human activity is thought to account for somewhat less than 2 teragrams of nitrogen oxides per year, nature for over 15 teragrams.

20. FTIR Radiance: Atmospheric IR Window 13 microns 8 microns

21. Earth’s Surface Temperature Te Earth’s radiative temperature Ts Sun’s radiative temperature Rs Sun’s radius Rse Sun to Earth distancea Earth’s surface solar reflectancet IR transmittance of Earth’s atmosphere.

22. Radiation Balance

23. Earth’s Atmosphere: Vertical Distribution

24. Terrestrial Planets: A Comparison OUCH!!! That's Hot! Ahh!! Just Right BURR!!! That's Cold!

25. Terrestrial Planets: Properties of the Atmospheres MARS VENUS

26. Terrestrial Planets: Global Average Surface Temperatures EARTH MOON

27. Terrestrial Planets: Global Average Temperatures

28. Theoretical Absorption Cross Sections for the indicated gases, averaged to 1 cm-1 resolution for clarity.

29. Theoretical Absorption Cross Sections for the indicated gases, averaged to 1 cm-1 resolution for clarity.

36. Aerosol Indirect Effect The impact of aerosols on cloud radiative properties

37. The climatic impact of aerosols on cloud properties is called the aerosol indirect effect A high concentration of aerosols overseed cloud droplets to generate highly concentrated, narrowly distributed cloud droplet spectra This can increase the cloud albedo up to 30% reducing the amount of radiation reaching the surface Narrowly distributed cloud droplet spectra prevent the formulation of precipitation and could increase cloud lifetime that further cools the Earth’s surface (Matsui et al., 2004) What is the Aerosol Indirect Effect?

38. Cloud Optical Depth and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Particles CCN: ( dust, soot, smoke), ( sea salt, sulfate, phytoplankton) I0 CCN ≈ 200 nm diameter Water Vapor & Cloud Droplet Ir Water Vapor & CCN cloud H It Cloud optical depth LWP = Cloud Water Mass / Area Qext = Cloud droplet extinction efficiency CCN = # cloud condensation nuclei source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei

39. Ship Tracks Ship Ship Exhaust CDNC = CCN (# cloud condensation nuclei)

40. Indirect Effect in Nature (from MODIS)

41. Indirect Effect in Nature (from MODIS)

42. Cloud Liquid Water Path, Effective Radius, And Cloud Albedo Does this make sense? Why? grams / m2 Global Survey of the Relationships of Cloud Albedo and Liquid Water Path with Droplet Size Using ISCCP.Preview By: Qingyuan Han; Rossow, William B.; Chou, Joyce; Welch, Ronald M.. Journal of Climate, 7/1/98, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p1516.

43. UNR has Programs for Undergrad, M.S., and Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science! Mountain Meteorology Mesoscale Modeling Air Pollution, Atmospheric Chemistry Cloud Physics and Radiation Instrument Development • Undergrad Program: • Part of Physics. • Students intern at UNR, DRI, NWS, etc. • Pat Arnott, Physics, Director. • patarnott@physics.unr.edu • 775-784-6834 • Grad Program: • Interdisciplinary program. • Administered by Physics. • Very strong participation by the Division of Atmospheric Sciences at DRI. • Darko Koracin, DRI, Director. Undergrad Program: http://www.physics.unr.edu/ATMS.html Grad Program: http://www.dri.edu/GradPrograms/gradprogram_atmospheric_sciences.php Student Atmospheric Science Club at UNR: http://www.ametsoc.org/chapters/renotahoe/